May 2019 Flashcards
Munira has been walking without assistance since she was 14 months old
Identify two gross motor skills that Munira would have developed before she began to walk
Rolling over (1) sitting up (1) standing (1) cruising (1) lifting/control of head (1)
crawling (1) climbing up furniture/stairs (1).
Describe how Munira fine motor skills may have developed by the age of two years
Fine motor skills are small movements (1).
Precision will improve over time (1).
They develop later than gross motor skills (1).
They require practise (1).
They use the small muscles of the fingers, toes, wrists, lips, and tongue (1).
Examples may include:
- picking up small objects
- holding a spoon
- grasping
- pointing
- pincer grip
Identify two primary and two secondary sexual characteristics
Primary sexual characteristics
* penis
* testicles
* clitoris
* fallopian tubes
* uterus
* vulva
* vagina
Secondary sex characteristics
* pubic hair
* enlarged breasts
* widened hips for females
* facial hair
* Adam’s apple/voice deepening for males
* broadened shoulders
Give two ways an individual’s religion may positively impact their diet
Religion may mean they are vegetarian (1) so reducing the amount of fat in the
diet (1).
Religion may mean they do not drink alcohol (1) so less damage to the liver (1).
Religion may mean they fast (1) reducing their calorie intake (1).
Explain three effects on Zainab’s health and wellbeing of speaking very little English
- May be dependent on family/friends to translate information (1) have low
self-esteem (1). - Lack of opportunities for social interaction (1) so may feel depressed (1).
- May not be able to understand how to access healthcare (1) may suffer ill
health (1). - May not be able to fully engage with educational opportunities (1) will not
be empowered (1). - Due to not working (1) will live in poverty and this may impact on selfconcept/health (1).
- May face discrimination/racism/bullying (1) be perceived as not intelligent (1)
To what extent are social and environmental factors the most important influence in the development of language in children
Language acquisition is innate.
* Children all around the world seem to acquire language by passing through a
similar set of stages; although the time it takes to move from one stage to
the next can differ from child to child.
* The same pattern of development occurs regardless of the language, but
children do not develop at the same pace.
Social/Environmental factors – nurture argument
In social learning theory language is learned from the environment through the
process of observational learning.
* Amount of time given to parent child interaction
* Siblings to talk to
* Activities/toys that promote communication
* Reading to children
* Poverty – less access to appropriate resources that aid the
development of language, e.g. books; clubs
Outline two possible effects of air pollution on physical health other than asthma
Do not accept asthma – other respiratory diseases mentioned must be
specific, e.g. COPD
* May cause COPD (1) which leads to coughing and wheezing (1).
* Some air pollutants are carcinogens (1) and living in a polluted area can
put people at risk of cancer (1).
* Air pollutants damage the immune system (1) increased risk of infections
(1).
* High levels of particle pollution (1) have been associated with higher
incidents of heart problems (1).
Explain two ways that unemployment can impact negatively on an individual’s self-concept
Decreased self-image/esteem as:
* Feels dependent on state handouts, sees self as not being able to provide
for his family (2).
* Feels rejected/ worthless/isolated/discriminated against (1).
* Low self-esteem/doesn’t feel he is a good role model for
children/family/peers (2).
* Poor self-image/sees self as failing his family by not providing for them
financially (2).
* He feels others look down on him (1) he sees himself as a failure (1).
Evaluate the impact of unpredictable life events on individual’s development
- Answers may be linked to PIES
- Positive or negative effects on growth and development
- Become positive/negative life course transitions
- Test of strength of character
- May cause stress/depression
- May increase determination to overcome issue
Assess the impact of moving into a care home on an individual’s health and wellbeing
P: May have support/help at hand and less likely to have accidents or put self at
risk.
I: May be able to participate in activities that are intellectually stimulating, e.g.
book clubs that boost fluid intelligence.
E: Low self-esteem as sees herself as a burden to her family who may have to
visit her/pay for her.
S: New community group of friends.
Tanzilla is pregnant works long hours and does not drive
Outline two reasons why Tanzilla may not attend all her antenatal classes
- Transport difficulties (1) as she finds public transport uncomfortable (1).
- Difficulty getting time off from work (1) may lose wages (1).
- Lack of knowledge of current antenatal process and procedures (1) scared
and vulnerable (1). - Avoidance of criticism for getting pregnant at her age (1) feeling of being
judged negatively by care workers (1). - Lack of interest in the classes (1) as she thinks she already knows about child
birth and pregnancy (1).
Explain three lifestyle factors during pregnancy that may affect the physical development of the baby
Drinking excess alcohol (1) increases the risk of miscarriage (1).
Drinking alcohol (1) foetal alcohol syndrome (1).
Inappropriate drug use (1) can lead to addiction for the baby (1).
No folic acid in the diet (1) can lead to spina bifida (1).
Smoking during pregnancy (1) reduced birth weight (1
To what extent can being wealthy and having a demanding job making leading a healthy lifestyle more difficult
Negative
* Excessive use of alcohol -socialise with friends at work.
* Used to having meals out and takeaways high in fat, salt and sugar, due to
long working hours, expectation to entertain clients.
* Struggle to attend a gym/exercise due to poor work-life balance.
* Poor diet due to, e.g. lots of red meat.
* Work long hours and cannot be bothered to cook food that is nutritious when
they get home from work, prefer fast foods.
* Smoke/take drugs more due to pressure of maintaining lifestyle.
* High blood pressure due to stress.
* Less likely to seek medical help as they are afraid to take time off work.
Positive
* Can have private/better healthcare, regular check-ups.
* Afford gym membership.
* Will live in area with less pollution.
* Will be educated about health issues.
* Can afford healthy diet.
* High self-esteem due to being successful.
Reward any appropriate illustrative example
Evaluate the impact of relationships on social and emotional development
- Boost or lower self-esteem/self-image/self-concept.
- Can discuss life problems with friends.
- Can do activities/sport with friends boost self-esteem.
- Positive or negative role models – may feel inspired or inferior.
- Friends will offer support in times of trouble/give advice – may also not support you
as much as you feel is required. - Falling out with friends can cause emotional distress.
- Meet new people and extend social circle/peer pressure.
- Counter loneliness/isolation.
- Promote communication.
- Create new social opportunities.
- Make people happier.
- Meet people from different cultures.
- Help to form positive or negative attitudes and beliefs.
- Emotional safety and security.
- Peer pressure into negative lifestyle choices.
- Can be jealous of more successful relation/friends.
- Negative impact on other relationships.
- The effect of unobtainable ambitions.
- Accept responses which accurately utilise relevant theories regarding
bonding/attachment e.g Bowlby/Ainsworth
