May 2018 Flashcards
1a Beatrice is 46 years old and married to Patrick aged 48
They have three children, Roxy aged 20, Annabelle aged 17 and Mary aged 13
Identify Patrick and Mary’s life stages
Patrick: Middle adulthood (1)
Mary: Adolescence (1)
b Outline four physical changes that should happen to Mary during her current life stage
Breasts (1).
Menstrual cycle/period (1).
Hips widen (1).
Relatively more body fat (1).
Growth of body hair (pubic
hair/axillary/underarm hair) (1).
Oily skin (1).
Acne spots (1).
Increase in height/weight (1).
Change in hormones (1).
Release of eggs/ovulation (1).
Growth of female reproductive organs (1)
Explain two ways Roxy may be positively influenced by peer pressure
Which may encourage her to work harder (1)
and therefore she will receive better grades
(1).
Influence towards a positive approach to
lifestyle (1) to improve health and wellbeing
e.g. diet/exercise (1)
To partake in hobbies/activities/social groups
(1) to improve opportunities of socialising (1)
Good role models may inspire her (1) so she
does not get involved in risk taking behavior
e.g illegal drugs (1).
Supportive relationships increases
confidence/self-esteem (1) ability to succeed
at university/living independently (1).
Positive examples of coping with the transition
to independent living and university life (1) so
she can manage her finances (1).
Describe how an individuals culture, religion or beliefs may:
Impact on their choice of diet
Prevent them from seeking medical intervention
Diet
Jewish/Muslim (1) – not eating pork (1).
Vegan (1) – won’t eat any animal products (1).
Catholic cultures (1) – accept drinking alcohol (1).
Religious festivals, e.g. Ramadan (1) – people fast
(1).
Certain religions/groups believe that animals are
sacred/unclean/shouldn’t be harmed (1) therefore
do not eat meat (1).
Medical
Jehovah’s Witness (1) – may refuse medical
assistance (1).
Muslim women (1) may seek only female medical
assistance (1).
Certain religions/groups believe in the healing
power of prayer/herbal remedies (1) therefore do
not seek formal medical attention (1).
Discuss the positive impacts on Roxy’s self-concept of being successful in university
Self-concept could be improved (1). Due to feeling
that she is finally fulfilling her potential (1). Is now
viewed as a successful person (1). Will have gained
formal qualifications (1) Inspire her to attempt
other challenges in life (1) and will now see herself
as a positive role model (1).
Family and friends’ perception could be affected
positively (1) due to her taking positive steps to
improve herself (1).
To what extent can low income affect an individuals health and wellbeing
Negative
* Stress/low self-esteem – may turn to alcohol/smoking.
* Lack of exercise.
* Cannot afford to join a gym /cannot attend exercise classes
as may need to work.
* Poor diet due to lack of money.
* Used to having cheaper meals high in fat, salt and sugar.
* Have few opportunities to socialise due to low income.
Positive
May learn to budget and be proud of ability to cope.
Gain knowledge of producing a healthy diet on a low income
and boost self-esteem.
Will focus on studies to ensure that she can get good grades
and a well-paying job in the future leading to a positive selfconcept.
Gets more exercise because she does not have enough
money for public transport or a car.
Outline two benefits of friendship for Annabelle
Increases her sense of belonging (1) and
purpose/self-concept (1).
Boosts her happiness (1) increased socialisation
opportunities (1).
Reduce stress (1) help with studies (1).
Improves her self-worth (1) [and] help her cope
with traumas/such as divorce, serious illness, job
loss or the death of a loved one (1). Different
Feeling wanted by friends (1) will boost confidence
(1).
Extended friendship group with differing hobbies (1)
will lead to opportunities to improve health and
wellbeing (1).
Positive support from friends (1) will help cope with
the effects of bullying (1).
Explain two ways that Annabelle’s new role in the salon will impact on the development of her independence
- Will learn new skills (1) take responsibility for her
clients in the salon (1). - Will earn money (1) be able to buy herself things,
e.g. clothes (1). - Will not need to depend on parents as much (1) will
feel mature and in control of own life (1).
Evaluate the impact of retirement and increased leisure time on Patrick’s health and wellbeing
Positive
May adopt new hobbies, e.g. golf/University of 3rd Age
leading to improved physical or intellectual capacity.
More time to travel/holidays.
More time to visit friends/family / improved levels of
fulfillment and happiness.
Spend time volunteering in local community/improved
levels of self-worth.
Negative
Lose sense of identity/low self-esteem.
Drink alcohol more frequently/not exercise.
Lack intellectual stimulation/ lose work friends.
Relationship problems due to spending too much time together
Evaluate the impact on society of an ageing population
Negative
Financial cost to society/increased taxes.
* Cost of pensions.
* Increased care facilities.
* Strain on hospitals/housing/social care.
Positive
People living longer, healthier lives.
People working longer and contributing to society.
Help younger people with childcare etc.
Roxy has a two year old daughter called Molly
Identify in the correct order the four physical development milestones that Molly has passed through in this life stage
Sitting up (1)
Standing (1)
Cruising (1)
Walking (1
Outline Piaget’s explanation of schemas
A schema describes a pattern of thought or
behaviour (1) that organises categories of
information and the relationships among them (1).
A mental structure of preconceived ideas (1) a
framework representing some aspect of the world
(1) or a system of organising and perceiving new
information (1).
E.g. Understanding that all red cars are not ‘daddy’s
car’ just because daddy’s car is red (1) but belongs
to the category ‘cars’ (1).
A summary of stages of developing schemas is also
acceptable;
Outline of assimilation (1)
Outline of accommodation (1)
Outline of disequilibrium (1)
Outline of equilibrium (1)
For each appropriate linked example (1).
Justify how Piaget’s theory of stages may explain cognitive development
- The sensorimotor stage, from birth to age 2.
- The preoperational stage, from age 2 to about age 7.
- The concrete operational stage, from age 7 to 11.
- The formal operational stage, which begins in
adolescence and spans into adulthood. - Test of conservation is discussed with, e.g., water
experiment. - Egocentrism discussed e.g. mountains experiment.
- Object permanence, e.g. peek-a-boo.
Discuss the effects of stress levels on an individuals health and wellbeing , with reference to the Holmes-Rahe social readjustment rating scale
Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe decided to study whether
or not stress contributes to illness. They surveyed more
than 5,000 medical patients and asked them to say whether
they had experienced any of a series of 43 life events in the
previous two years.
Each event, called a Life Change Unit (LCU), had a different
“weight” for stress. The more events the patient added up,
the higher the score. The higher the score, and the larger
the weight of each event, the more likely the patient was to
become ill.
Relevant life changes may include recent marriage, change
in job status, young child.
Negative effects
* Depression and anxiety.
* Pain of any kind.
* Sleep problems.
* Autoimmune diseases.
* Digestive problems.
* Skin conditions, such as eczema.
* Heart disease.
* Weight problems.
* Reproductive issues.
* Thinking and memory problems.
Positive
Some stress can be positive if short-lived.
A moderate level of stress makes us perform better in
situations such as job interviews or public speaking.
Stressful situations can also be exhilarating and some
people actually thrive on the excitement that comes with
dangerous sports or other high-risk activities
