Maxillofacial And Eye Injuries Flashcards
What is relatively low with maxillofacial injury?
Mortality rates at 2-3% and is usually airway obstruction.
What is the relationship between facial injury and total battle injury?
9-19% with eye injuries between 5-10%
What has halved ocular and periocular injury in combat
Low impact ballistic spectacles from 10 to 5%
Name the bones of the maxillo facial complex.
Nasal Lacrimal Palatine Vomer Inferior Nasal Complex Maxilla Zygomatic Mandable
What are at risk from penetrating wound to the maxillo facial Complex?
Major salivary ducts
Major facial nerve branch’s
Blood vessels
What is special about the bones of the mid face?
Thin and lined with mucosa.
What is special about the lower face bones?
Thick cortical bones and dental structures.
What are the parts of the eye.
Cornea Lens Pupil Iris Optic disk Blood vessels Retina Sclera
What are likely MOIs for maxfax injury
Penetrating-
GSW
Sharp object
Frag
Blunt-
Falls
Direct trauma
RTC
May indicate c spine
What are the likely priorities for treatment of maxfax
Airway management
Haemorrhage control
Prevention of disability from central nervous system injuries
Sit up or 3/4 prone
Suction
Be cautious with NPAs
Bleeding from midface may require a post nasal pack
Celox may not help bleed
Always be suspicious of other injuries
Intubation/packing/surgery may be required
Do not leave patient without observation
In secondary survey what should be looked for?
Lacerations Bruising CSF Tenderness, depression or deformity Malocclusion Proptosis, enophthalmus, restriction of eye movement pearl, obvious eye injury Visual acuity Facial muscle weakness Sensory loss
