Matter: The Basis of Life. Isotopes

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

The study of the composition structure and properties of matter the changes it undergoes and the energy associated with these changes.

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that occupies space and has mass . All matter is made up of elements

Question 3

Elements

Answer 3

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemicals means

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

The smallest particle of an element that can undergo a chemical reaction.

Question 5

Most abundant elements in the human body

Answer 5

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

The number of protons in the atom of the element

Question 7

Isotope

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 8

Technetium-99

Answer 8

most widely used isotope in medical diagnosis, used to obtain images of the liver, heart and lungs

Question 9

Iodine-131 and Iodine 125

Answer 9

Thyroid gland requires iodine to function properly
Malfunctioning thyroid can be detected using Na131I measuring the radioactivity just above the thyroid to see if the iodine is absorbed at the normal rate
Na125I creates image of the thyroid gland

Question 10

Sodium-24

Answer 10

to detect blockages in the circulatory system in the form Na24Cl injected in the bloodstream as a salt solution. It traces the blood flow and blockages, progress through arteries, veins and capillaries are closely monitored.

Question 11

Helium-3

Answer 11

to help obtain images of the lungs before MRI was taken enhances MRI image

Question 12

Radiation therapy

Answer 12

exposure to high energy radiation can be cancerous cancer cells can be destroyed by proper radiation treatment.

Question 13

Somatic radiation damage

Answer 13

Affects organism during its lifetime

Question 14

Genetic radiation damage

Answer 14

Inherited e.g. chromosomal damage from overexposure of radiation leads to deformed babies