Electron Configuration of Atoms and Ions

Question 1

Daltons Atomic Theory

Answer 1

Elements are made of atoms
All atoms of elements are identical same size mass and chemical properties (isotopes).
Chemical reaction involve separation, combination and rearrangement of atoms

Question 2

JJ Thompson

Answer 2

• Discovered electron 1st subatomic particle
• Used cathode ray tubes and knowledge of electromagnetic theory to determine ratio of charge to mass of an electron
• -1.76 x 108C/g C = Coulomb the unit of electric charge
• Proposed the Plum Pudding model electrons embedded in uniformly positively charged sphere
• Most matter is neutral
Must positive bit to counteract the -ive charge in protons

Question 3

Rutherford

Answer 3

• Nucleus was born when investigating plum pudding model
• Bombarded thin gold foil with alpha particles
• Most went through but some went straight back or were deflected
• Concluded that most of it was empty space and there was a dense positive core called the nucleus

Question 4

Niehls Bohr

Answer 4

Electrons move in circular orbits

Question 5

De Broglie

Answer 5

Particles can move in a wave like motion if Einstein is correct e.g electrons
Wave particle duality

Question 6

Einstein

Answer 6

Light is a wave with particle properties

Question 7

Heisenberg

Answer 7

The more precisely the precision of the position is determined the less precisely the momentum is known
Impossible to know the exact position and momentum of an electron at the same time
Called the Uncertainty Principle

Question 8

Schrodinger Wave Equation

Answer 8

Probability of finding an electron within a particular position within an atom

Question 9

Atomic Orbitals

Answer 9

Understand how atoms react with each other and predict how atoms might interact with each other
Defined as a region in space within the atom around the nucleus where the probability of finding an electron is rel. high

Question 10

Electron Configuration

Answer 10

Different shape s orbital, (circle) varies within the principle quantum number.
P orbitals dumbbell shaped come in 3 px, py, pz same energy (degenerate)
D orbitals need to be able to draw it in a set of five dxy, dxz, dyz, dz2, dz2y2

Question 11

Energy sublevel

Answer 11

A sublevel within a primary energy level

A group of atomic orbitals within an atom if which have the same energy

Question 12

Pauli Exclusion

Answer 12

no more than 2 electron with opposite spin within an orbital

Question 13

Aufbau Principle

Answer 13

lowest available energy is occupied first

Question 14

Hunds Rule

Answer 14

orbitals of same energy filled individuality 1st then in pairs