matter & energy test vocab Flashcards
state the kinetic theory of matter
all matter is made up of atoms and molecules; these atoms and molecules act like tiny particles that are always in motion
rules for determining speed of particles are…
higher temps = faster particle speed; when at the same temp. more massive particles move slower and less massive particles move faster
name 3 basic phases of matter
solid, liquid, gas
define solids
particles vibrate back and forth in place; have a definite shape and volume; particles held together by strong forces of attraction; have a rigid structure and cant easily change position
define liquid
particles are closely packed but can slide past each other; definite volume but not shape; take the shape of their container; liquids flow freely - fluid- moving fast enough to overcome some of the forces of attraction between particles
define gases
particles in constant motion and far apart, don’t usually stick together; no definite shape or volume; move fast enough to overcome almost all the forces of attraction between particles; particles independent of one another; flow like liquids - both classified as fluids; gases change shape + volume; expand to fill a room
how are the diff types of matter classified
classified into phases by determining whether the shape + volume are definite or if they change
define plasma
most common phase of matter in universe; no definite shape or volume; composes 99% of all matter in the universe (stars); particles = electrically charged (ionized); require an energy source to exist ex: neon lights
what can gases not do that plasma can
gases cannot conduct a current like a plasma can
define energy
ability to change or move matter (do work)
define temperature
measure of how hot or cold smth is and a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles or an object
more kinetic energy an object has…
higher the temp is
define thermal energy
total ke of particles of a substance
more ke =
higher total ke or thermal energy
define a change of state
when a substance is converted from one physical form to another
energy + to a substance =
particles move faster
energy removed to a substance=
particles move slower
define melting
changing solid into liquid; caused when heat is added to a solid; particles start to move faster w/more energy; temp this occurs at is called melting point; depends on pressure
define evaporation
changing liquid to gas; boiling is evaporation that occurs throughout a liquid at a specific temp +pressure; boiling pt is the temp where a liquid boils
define sublimation
changing of solid directly to gas wo/ever being a liquid; ex: dry ice to CO2 gas
define condensation
changing from gas to liquid; condensation point is the temp where gas becomes liquid
define freezing
changing a liquid to solid; freezing point is the temp where liquid becomes solid
define fundamental law of physical science
mass+energy are both conserved. neither mass nor energy can be created or destroyed
define law of conservation of mass
mass cant be created or destroyed
define law of conservation of energy
energy cant be created or destroyed
define Archimedes principle
buoyant force = weight of the displaced object immersed in a fluid
energy an object has bc of its motion
kinetic energy
able to flow easily ex: gases, liquids, plasmas
fluidd
upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid
buoyant force
measure of a fluids resistance to flow
viscosity
amount of force exerted on a given area
pressure
