matter & energy test vocab

Question 1

state the kinetic theory of matter

Answer 1

all matter is made up of atoms and molecules; these atoms and molecules act like tiny particles that are always in motion

Question 2

rules for determining speed of particles are…

Answer 2

higher temps = faster particle speed; when at the same temp. more massive particles move slower and less massive particles move faster

Question 3

name 3 basic phases of matter

Answer 3

solid, liquid, gas

Question 4

define solids

Answer 4

particles vibrate back and forth in place; have a definite shape and volume; particles held together by strong forces of attraction; have a rigid structure and cant easily change position

Question 5

define liquid

Answer 5

particles are closely packed but can slide past each other; definite volume but not shape; take the shape of their container; liquids flow freely - fluid- moving fast enough to overcome some of the forces of attraction between particles

Question 6

define gases

Answer 6

particles in constant motion and far apart, don’t usually stick together; no definite shape or volume; move fast enough to overcome almost all the forces of attraction between particles; particles independent of one another; flow like liquids - both classified as fluids; gases change shape + volume; expand to fill a room

Question 7

how are the diff types of matter classified

Answer 7

classified into phases by determining whether the shape + volume are definite or if they change

Question 8

define plasma

Answer 8

most common phase of matter in universe; no definite shape or volume; composes 99% of all matter in the universe (stars); particles = electrically charged (ionized); require an energy source to exist ex: neon lights

Question 9

what can gases not do that plasma can

Answer 9

gases cannot conduct a current like a plasma can

Question 10

define energy

Answer 10

ability to change or move matter (do work)

Question 11

define temperature

Answer 11

measure of how hot or cold smth is and a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles or an object

Question 12

more kinetic energy an object has…

Answer 12

higher the temp is

Question 13

define thermal energy

Answer 13

total ke of particles of a substance

Question 14

more ke =

Answer 14

higher total ke or thermal energy

Question 15

define a change of state

Answer 15

when a substance is converted from one physical form to another

Question 16

energy + to a substance =

Answer 16

particles move faster

Question 17

energy removed to a substance=

Answer 17

particles move slower

Question 18

define melting

Answer 18

changing solid into liquid; caused when heat is added to a solid; particles start to move faster w/more energy; temp this occurs at is called melting point; depends on pressure

Question 19

define evaporation

Answer 19

changing liquid to gas; boiling is evaporation that occurs throughout a liquid at a specific temp +pressure; boiling pt is the temp where a liquid boils

Question 20

define sublimation

Answer 20

changing of solid directly to gas wo/ever being a liquid; ex: dry ice to CO2 gas

Question 21

define condensation

Answer 21

changing from gas to liquid; condensation point is the temp where gas becomes liquid

Question 22

define freezing

Answer 22

changing a liquid to solid; freezing point is the temp where liquid becomes solid

Question 23

define fundamental law of physical science

Answer 23

mass+energy are both conserved. neither mass nor energy can be created or destroyed

Question 24

define law of conservation of mass

Answer 24

mass cant be created or destroyed

Question 25

define law of conservation of energy

Answer 25

energy cant be created or destroyed

Question 26

define Archimedes principle

Answer 26

buoyant force = weight of the displaced object immersed in a fluid

Question 27

energy an object has bc of its motion

Answer 27

kinetic energy

Question 28

able to flow easily ex: gases, liquids, plasmas

Answer 28

fluidd

Question 29

upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid

Answer 29

buoyant force

Question 29

measure of a fluids resistance to flow

Answer 29

viscosity

Question 30

amount of force exerted on a given area

Answer 30

pressure