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ENVR 2000 > Matter, Energy and Earth Systems > Flashcards

Matter, Energy and Earth Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific process?

A

The process of testing the ideas of the world by making observations and gathering evidences

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2
Q

What are the three types of approaches?

A

Physics and chemstry - manipulative experiments
Palanteology and astronomy- natural experiments - (comparing diff pop)
Anthropology- observation and statistics - ( quantitative and qualitative analysis, surveys)

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3
Q

Non definitive answers are more frequent when..

A

There are large, complex and many questions

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4
Q

Explain the three types of variables?

A

Independent (variable that is manipulative)
Dependent (variable that is observed)
Controlled ( variable that is observed closely , but it isn’t manipulated)

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5
Q

State the law of conservation of matter

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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6
Q

What is all matter composed of

A

Elements

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7
Q

Decscribe elements

A

Cannot be broken down further
Fundamental blocks of life
Elements gives the chemical substance its set of properties

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8
Q

What is element made of

A

Atoms

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9
Q

What are the parts of atoms

A

Protons neutrons electrons

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10
Q

What is protons

A

The number pf protons determines the atomic number which determines chemical properties , they are positively charged

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11
Q

What is electrons?

A

They are negatively charged particles, and equa
Ize protons

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12
Q

Neutrons?

A

Neutrons makes up the atomic mass
Changes in number of neutrons can lead to isotropes

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13
Q

How are ions formed?

A

An imbalance number of protons and electrons lead to ions

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14
Q

Positive,y charged ions

A

Has more protons then electrons

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15
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Has more electrons then protons

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16
Q

Molecule❓

A

Made of two are more atoms of same element or different element chemically bonded

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17
Q

Compound ❓

A

Compound is made of two or more molecules of same or diff elements l chemically b9nd?😂

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18
Q

Note

A

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds

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19
Q

What is the elixir of life ?

A

Water

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20
Q

State the properties of water

A
  • High heat capacity- takes a higher amount of energy to inc 1degree C= can act as buffers, and stabilize physical systems ( lake , oceans)
  • Ice less dense then water - so that only the top layer of water ( surface of water freezes ) - so life can remain alive in water
  • Strong Cohesion - transport nutrients and water
  • Polar bonding - acts as solvents for many compounds, specially essential for life
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21
Q

What are isotopes?

A

ATOMS of same element with same proton number (atomic number) but different neutron numbers

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22
Q

Same proton number in isotopes?

A

Indicates the element remains same

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23
Q

What is isotropes analysis imp fro

A

To date ancient items
STUDY PREHISTORIC HUMANS
MIGRATION PATTERNS
REBUILD PAST CLIMATES

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24
Q

What are two types of compounds

A

Organic and inorganic

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25
Q

What are organic compounds

A
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26
Q

What are inorganic conpounds

A
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27
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds made of C and Hs almost entirely

28
Q

What are polymers ?

A

Long chains of repeated particles

29
Q

What are the 5 types of polymers?

A

Proteins - chains of amino acids folded in a specific way to make proteins and carry out its function
Nucleic acids- they are composed of repeating units of nucleic acids to give instructions to make PROTEINS and carry hereditary data/information
Carbohydrates- repeated units of sugars - act as fuelling molecule for plants and animals
Lipids - made of polymers of hydrocarbons , acts as another fuelling molecule - OILS AND FATS

30
Q

What is a man made polymer

A

Plastic

31
Q

——- is the building block of envr process and —— is the drivingforce

A

Matter, energy

32
Q

What is energy ?

A

Anything that has the capacity to do work

33
Q

What are the two laws of thermodynamics

A

1st- energy is conserved
2nd- energy nature moves from more ordered ( low entropy ) to less ordered ( high entropy) if no force is applied
Energy moves downhill

34
Q

What is the physical property of thermodynamic system?

A

Entropy

35
Q

What are the two major types of energies?

A

Kinetic energy and potential energy
The energy of movement
The energy stored

36
Q

What are the various types of kinetic energy ?

A

THERMAL- energy of moving particles
MECHANIC- energy of objects in motion
MAGNETIC - energy of push and pull
ELECTRICAL- energy of PARTICLESmoving through a wire

37
Q

What are the various types of potential energy

A

CHEMICAL P E- energy stored in foods
ELASTIC P E- energy stored in stretch object
NUCLEUR- energy stored in centre of particles
GRAVITATIONAL - energy stored in object that is above the ground

38
Q

Wha are the other 2 major enrgy

A

Light and sound energy

39
Q

Energy in bonds

A

At a much smaller scale chemical bonds can have potential energy
Converting a molecule from high potential energy to low potential energy
The pE is released as KE

40
Q

Autotroph vs photoautotrophs

A

Autotrophs - make their own energy using sunlight
Photo autotroph- converts sun light energy to chemical energy in food

41
Q

Heterotrauphs

A

Organism cannot make their own food
Consumes other to get energy

42
Q

Why is heat released from the earth (geothermal energy)?

A

Continued cooling after its formation of a firy ball
Radiactive decay of materials in earth int

43
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Organism that harness energy from chemical rxns to form organic matter

44
Q

Example of chemoautotrauph

A

Deep see hydrothermal vent

45
Q

Inner core

A

Solid made of Fe and Ni (inorganic )

46
Q

Outer layer

A

Molten

47
Q

Mantle

A

Thick solid layer which behave as viscous fluid over long geological timescales

48
Q

Crust

A

Thin solid brittle low density layer on top of mantle

49
Q

Lithosphere

A

Rocky shell of the planet
Also has a portion of the upper mantle
Contains tectonic plates dragged over asthenosphere

50
Q

Topography

A

Shapes geograpgy of oceans and continents

51
Q

Plate boundries

A

Divergent
Transform
Convergent

52
Q

Divergent plate boundries

A

Plates moving apart

53
Q

Transform

A

Plates moving past each other

54
Q

Convergent

A

Plates coming together
Subduction zone
Continental collitssion

55
Q

Subduction xome

A

More dense Oceanic plate subducts under less dense continental plate

56
Q

Continental collision

A

Two continental plates lighter then mantle move upwards forming mountain

57
Q

Minerals

A

A solid compound with well defined chemical comp and structure that occurs naturally

58
Q

Rock

A

Solid , geolicaLly bulky material , made of variety of diff minerals

59
Q

3types of ricks

A

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

60
Q

Igneous

A

Forms after laava cools and solidify

61
Q

Sedimentary

A

Compaction of sediments
From weathering or errosion

62
Q

Metamorphic

A

Rock that changed appearance , chem prop after immense heat and pressure in earth int

63
Q

Igneous —> metamorphic

A

Heat and pressure

64
Q

Metamorphic / sedimantary to sediment

A

Weathering, eerosion , transport deposition

65
Q

Mantle melting

A

Mantle is a rock with many minerals
Upper part of melting = silica rich minerals (silica has lower mp)
Melting leads to two phase-
Silicic phase - more silicic, less dnse therefore on top
Basaltic ohase- less silicic, more dense thereforee on bottom

ENVR 2000 (7 decks)

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