Human Populations Flashcards
Why was there a one child policy?
China had 1/5th of the total population
Greatest pop increases in 1949 to 1970 (1.4 billion
This rapid incerease in pop caused a lot of issues
- pollution
-Soil errossion
- resource depletion
- Deforestation
When was one child policy introduced ?
1970
Decreased 2.7% to 1.5% now 0.5%
What were the unwanted consequence ?
Human trafficking of young women
Unbalanced sex ratios
Female infanticide
Aging pop and shrinking workforce
Whats the pop of china r8 now?
8 billion
Pop has doubled since 1970
What kind of growth is occuring in china?
Exponential growth
2.5 people born every second
Why was pop growth favoured in 18th century
To fuel industrial revolution
How can pop growth be controlled ?
Family planning and strategies like
- one child policy
- education focused (tokyo, kenya)
-incentive/discentive (india)
How can pop growth be decreased
By limits on birth control
By inc in death (natural selection)
What is the 1st pop bomb
- Rapid Increase of pop growth
What were the problem highligther by the book for growth of pop?
Widespread famine - pop growth inc faster then our ability to produce and distribute food
Conflict
Breakdown of civilization
Envr degredation
Overconsumption
State ALL the problems that can be caused by
China problems
- soil errosion
- water resource depletion
- air pollution
- deforestation
Book problems
- widespread famine
- Conflict
- breakdown of civilization
- envr degredation
-civil strife
What are the mitigating factors that can reduce the severity of pop grwoth
- eneromous increase in yoelds
- advance agriculture revolution (green revolution)
- increase material prosperity (not everywhere)
- reproductive health measures
What are the predictions in the book that didnt come true
Globally High mortality rate
Massive famine in 80s
What are the envr issues putforward by the book
Overconsumption
Envr degredation
Resource management
What is another population bomb
Household explosion
What is household explosion
Smaller households with smaller families putting high demand for natural resources
Why is household explosion a problem
Higher demand on natural resources
Per capita of water and energy goes up
Less efficient
Rippling effect- on co2 emmision, infrastructure and consumtion of materials to build more houses and more roads
What are the two main impact when quantifying human impact?
- Pollution
- Resource depletion
- china showed how many variable come together to cause a major envr degradation in a short time
Human impact - pollution
Major problem in modern countries after industrialized revolution
By affluent countries - use more therefore more waste
By poor countries - they dont have tools to take care of the waste they produce
Sometimes the waste is transported from one place to another just elaborating the problem
Resource consumption
Human put a high demad on the NPP
NPP is appreciated by food , shelter, cloth however we havnt given it time to grow bcz of
- human induced fire
- altered habitats
Causing 24% of loss in NPP
- heavy densely farmed areas consumes the most NPP - europe india eastern china
- heavily desned/populated countries consumes the most
Southern asia Lower per capita for NPP, byt very high perecnt NPP used
Factors taken into account when considering the demography ?
Density
Distribution
Affluence
Technology
Composition
Consumption habits
How does human density and distribution impacts the envr?
-Human distribution is uneven - clumped distribution
- temperate , tropical , subtropical are highly populated and waterway areas are preferred
- as said density adn distribution is uneven, places with higher density has more envr impacts
What are other factors that affect human distribution and density?
1- Age structure - number of individuals in each age class
2- Sex ratio - ratio of males to females
- usually high males then females- to counteract to the high mortality of males then females
- when equal - high pop growth
- cultural preferation for males and one child policy in china caused 1.18 (f.m) ration
This reduced pop growth but increased human trafficking of young gurls
3- Total fertility rate - no of children a women can bear
Replacement fertility - the TFR that keeps the population size stable.
For humans - 2.1
4- Crude death rate
5- Crudw birth rate
6- Imm and emmi
What is the demographic transition model
Model that shows the economic and cultural change that cause decline in death and birth rate in industrizalized pop
Pre industrialized stage - high birth and death rates
Transitional stage- decline in death rates due to better services, food, medication
Industrialized stage - lower birth rate due to more opportunities to womens and contraceptive use
Post transitional stage - low birth and death rate
Population increase in first two stage reaches hight and stay constant for the last two
How can TTR fall?
Not related to wealth
- contraceptive use
- women education
- family planning resources
- women free to choose
- women empowerment
Poverty another factor that affects human distribution and density
Features of poor countries
- high pop growth
- high birth rate
- high infant mortality rate.
- less use of contraceptive medicines
These all affect the density and distribution
- affluence have a greater envr threat
- 9% of the next billion are going to be in poor countries
Overconsumption- consumption habit
20% used 80% resources
1 canadian ecology footprint = 6 chinese people, 12 indians, 40 somalian
What is sustainablity
The principle of moderm envr management
Sustainable development goals
Adress causes of social and envr stress from human pop growth
Its a universal call to protect the planet , end poverty and ensure peace and prosperity by end of 2030
