Human Populations

Question 1

Why was there a one child policy?

Answer 1

China had 1/5th of the total population
Greatest pop increases in 1949 to 1970 (1.4 billion
This rapid incerease in pop caused a lot of issues
- pollution
-Soil errossion
- resource depletion
- Deforestation

Question 2

When was one child policy introduced ?

Answer 2

1970
Decreased 2.7% to 1.5% now 0.5%

Question 3

What were the unwanted consequence ?

Answer 3

Human trafficking of young women
Unbalanced sex ratios
Female infanticide
Aging pop and shrinking workforce

Question 4

Whats the pop of china r8 now?

Answer 4

8 billion
Pop has doubled since 1970

Question 5

What kind of growth is occuring in china?

Answer 5

Exponential growth
2.5 people born every second

Question 6

Why was pop growth favoured in 18th century

Answer 6

To fuel industrial revolution

Question 7

How can pop growth be controlled ?

Answer 7

Family planning and strategies like
- one child policy
- education focused (tokyo, kenya)
-incentive/discentive (india)

Question 8

How can pop growth be decreased

Answer 8

By limits on birth control
By inc in death (natural selection)

Question 9

What is the 1st pop bomb

Answer 9

• Rapid Increase of pop growth

Question 10

What were the problem highligther by the book for growth of pop?

Answer 10

Widespread famine - pop growth inc faster then our ability to produce and distribute food
Conflict
Breakdown of civilization
Envr degredation
Overconsumption

Question 11

State ALL the problems that can be caused by

Answer 11

China problems
- soil errosion
- water resource depletion
- air pollution
- deforestation
Book problems
- widespread famine
- Conflict
- breakdown of civilization
- envr degredation
-civil strife

Question 12

What are the mitigating factors that can reduce the severity of pop grwoth

Answer 12

• eneromous increase in yoelds
• advance agriculture revolution (green revolution)
• increase material prosperity (not everywhere)
• reproductive health measures

Question 13

What are the predictions in the book that didnt come true

Answer 13

Globally High mortality rate
Massive famine in 80s

Question 14

What are the envr issues putforward by the book

Answer 14

Overconsumption
Envr degredation
Resource management

Question 15

What is another population bomb

Answer 15

Household explosion

Question 16

What is household explosion

Answer 16

Smaller households with smaller families putting high demand for natural resources

Question 17

Why is household explosion a problem

Answer 17

Higher demand on natural resources
Per capita of water and energy goes up
Less efficient
Rippling effect- on co2 emmision, infrastructure and consumtion of materials to build more houses and more roads

Question 18

What are the two main impact when quantifying human impact?

Answer 18

• Pollution
• Resource depletion
• china showed how many variable come together to cause a major envr degradation in a short time

Question 19

Human impact - pollution

Answer 19

Major problem in modern countries after industrialized revolution
By affluent countries - use more therefore more waste
By poor countries - they dont have tools to take care of the waste they produce
Sometimes the waste is transported from one place to another just elaborating the problem

Question 20

Resource consumption

Answer 20

Human put a high demad on the NPP
NPP is appreciated by food , shelter, cloth however we havnt given it time to grow bcz of
- human induced fire
- altered habitats
Causing 24% of loss in NPP
- heavy densely farmed areas consumes the most NPP - europe india eastern china
- heavily desned/populated countries consumes the most
Southern asia Lower per capita for NPP, byt very high perecnt NPP used

Question 21

Factors taken into account when considering the demography ?

Answer 21

Density
Distribution
Affluence
Technology
Composition
Consumption habits

Question 22

How does human density and distribution impacts the envr?

Answer 22

-Human distribution is uneven - clumped distribution
- temperate , tropical , subtropical are highly populated and waterway areas are preferred
- as said density adn distribution is uneven, places with higher density has more envr impacts

Question 23

What are other factors that affect human distribution and density?

Answer 23

1- Age structure - number of individuals in each age class
2- Sex ratio - ratio of males to females
- usually high males then females- to counteract to the high mortality of males then females
- when equal - high pop growth
- cultural preferation for males and one child policy in china caused 1.18 (f.m) ration
This reduced pop growth but increased human trafficking of young gurls
3- Total fertility rate - no of children a women can bear
Replacement fertility - the TFR that keeps the population size stable.
For humans - 2.1
4- Crude death rate
5- Crudw birth rate
6- Imm and emmi

Question 24

What is the demographic transition model

Answer 24

Model that shows the economic and cultural change that cause decline in death and birth rate in industrizalized pop
Pre industrialized stage - high birth and death rates
Transitional stage- decline in death rates due to better services, food, medication
Industrialized stage - lower birth rate due to more opportunities to womens and contraceptive use
Post transitional stage - low birth and death rate
Population increase in first two stage reaches hight and stay constant for the last two

Question 25

How can TTR fall?

Answer 25

Not related to wealth
- contraceptive use
- women education
- family planning resources
- women free to choose
- women empowerment

Question 26

Poverty another factor that affects human distribution and density

Answer 26

Features of poor countries
- high pop growth
- high birth rate
- high infant mortality rate.
- less use of contraceptive medicines
These all affect the density and distribution
- affluence have a greater envr threat
- 9% of the next billion are going to be in poor countries

Question 27

Overconsumption- consumption habit

Answer 27

20% used 80% resources
1 canadian ecology footprint = 6 chinese people, 12 indians, 40 somalian

Question 28

What is sustainablity

Answer 28

The principle of moderm envr management

Question 29

Sustainable development goals

Answer 29

Adress causes of social and envr stress from human pop growth
Its a universal call to protect the planet , end poverty and ensure peace and prosperity by end of 2030