Matter And Mixtures Flashcards
States of Matter
Matter:
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Mass:
Is the amount of matter in an object.
3 States of matter
- Solid
- Liquids
- Gases
Properties of solids.
- Solids have a definitive shape.
- Solids have a definite volume.
- Solids cannot be compressed.
- Solids cannot flow.
Properties of Liquids
- Liquids have no definite shape.
- Liquids have a definite volume.
- Liquids cannot be compressed.
- Liquids can flow.
Properties of Gases
- Gases have no definite shape.
- Gases have no definite volume.
- Gases can be compressed.
- Gases can flow.
Energy
Heat energy:
In order for a substance to change state (from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a gas) it needs heat energy.
Latent heat:
As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.
Melting point:
Is when both the solid and liquid state exist together (changing from a solid to a liquid)
Boiling point:
The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid (changing from a liquid to a gas)
Condensation:
Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid
Diffusion:
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, e.g. spray perfume in one corner of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the room.
Plasma - fourth state of matter:
Plasma is the fourth state of matter, like gas, but can conduct electricity.
Mixture:
A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined, e.g. sand and water.
There are four methods of separating mixtures:
Filtration.
Evaporation.
Distillation.
Chromatography.
Filtration:
Used to separate small insoluble solids (do not dissolve in liquid) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids
Evaporation:
Used to separate soluble solids (dissolve in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids. E.g. salt water.
Physical Change
No change in particles, just the particle arrangement and energy, easy to
reverse e.g. mixing water and salt.
Chemical Change:
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very
difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match
During a Chemical Reaction
During a chemical reaction the atoms rearrange to form a new substance. Might be
seen by colour change, temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter can be changed from one form to another. During the physical and chemical changes, there is no overall change in mass.
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78º) and water (boils at 100º). Also used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure example of each.
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture of dissolved substances in a solution. E.g. the different colours in a black marker.
