Matter :) Flashcards
Substance
A type of matter with a fixed composition
Element
A pure substance made up of only one type of atom
Compound
A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
Heterogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous mixtures have visually distinguishable components
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture
Solution
A liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component
Colloid
A homogeneous noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. Colloids include gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle, and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension
Tyndall Effect
It is the scattering of a light beam by a medium containing microscopic suspended particles
Suspension
A heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid, but do not dissolve
Physical Property
A physical property is any property of a physical system that is measurable
Physical Change
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition
Distillation
Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still
Chemical Property
A chemical property is any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any attribute that can be established only by changing a substance’s chemical identity
Chemical Change
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated
Law of Conservation of Mass
In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter the mass of the system must remain constant over time
Kinetic Theory
The kinetic theory of gases is a simple classical model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases.
Melting
A substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid
Heat of Fusion
It is the quantity of heat necessary to change 1 g of a solid to a liquid with no temperature change
Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a vapor when its vapor pressure becomes equal to the pressure surrounding it
Heat of Vaporization
The amount of heat that is needed to convert a unit mass of liquid substance into a gaseous phase at constant temperature conditions
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Plasma
Plasma is one of four fundamental states of matter characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons
Thermal Expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length, area, or volume, changing its size and density, in response to an increase in temperature
Buoyancy
Buoyancy, or upthrust is a net upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of the overlying fluid
Pressure
Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed
Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s rate-dependent resistance to a change in shape or to movement of its neighboring portions relative to one another
Pascal
The pascal is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units
