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B1 2-physics > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

The substance of which any physical objet is composed of as long as the mass and dimensions can be measured

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2
Q

What are all substances made up of?

A

Particles known as atoms

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3
Q

What are the three basic states?

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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4
Q

What are the three basic states?

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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5
Q

How many chemical elements are there?

A

118

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6
Q

What are the three main characteristics of an element?

A
  • it consists of one kind of atom
  • it cannot be broken down into a simpler type
  • it can exist as atoms or molecules
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7
Q

On a periodic table what are the horizontal rows called?

A

Periods

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8
Q

What are the vertical columns called in a periodic table?

A

Groups

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9
Q

On the periodic table what do elements in the same group have in common?

A

Chemical properties

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10
Q

What are the two parts to an atom?

A

A nucleus and the electron shells

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11
Q

What is in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons?

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12
Q

What surrounds the nucleus in an atom?

A

The electron shells

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13
Q

What is found in the electron shells?

A

Electrons

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14
Q

What type of electrical charge does a proton have?

A

A positive charge

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15
Q

What type of electrical charge does a neutron have?

A

A neutral charge

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16
Q

What type of electrical charge does an electron have?

A

A negative charge

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17
Q

What is the mass of a proton and a neutron?

A

1.67x10^-27 kg

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18
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

9.11x10^-31 kg

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19
Q

What has a stronger magnetic pull, 1 electron or 1 proton?

A

Neither they’re both equal

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20
Q

If you have an atom with the same protons as electrons what electrical charge will you get?

A

None

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21
Q

How is each atom identifiable?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

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22
Q

Electrons of an atom move around the nucleus in orbits called?

A

Shells

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23
Q

How many electrons can fit inside the first electron shell?

A

2

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24
Q

How many electrons can fit inside the second electron shell?

A

8

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25
Q

How many electrons can fit inside the third electron shell?

A

18

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26
Q

What is the general formula for working out the amount of electrons can fit inside a electron shell?

A

2n^2

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27
Q

When does an electron have more energy than an another electron?

A

When its in an outer shell compared to one on the inner shell

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28
Q

What is the valence orbit?

A

The outer most orbit of an atom

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29
Q

What name is given to electrons in the valence orbit?

A

Valence electrons

30
Q

When are atoms more stable?

A

When the valence orbit is full

31
Q

What are atoms called when there valence orbit is less than half full (more acceptable to moving electrons)?

A

Conductors

32
Q

What are atoms called when there valence orbit is more than half full (not so accepting of electrons)?

A

Insulators

33
Q

What are semiconductor atoms?

A

When the atoms valence orbit is half filled

34
Q

What is each element allocated to identify it?

A

One or two letters derived from English

35
Q

What is an element called when it goes through a nuclear process gaining a neutron?

A

isotope

36
Q

When an isotope is formed it will be given two numbers, one at the top and one at the bottom, what are they called?

A

Superscript and subscript

37
Q

What is the superscript telling you?

A

The number of protons in an atom (sometimes referred to as atomic number)

38
Q

What is the subscript referring to?

A

The amount of protons and neutrons (sometimes referred to as atomic mass)

39
Q

What is the process called when an atom loses or gains electrons?

A

Ionisation

40
Q

What name is an atom given when it goes through ionisation?

A

Ion

41
Q

When a neutral atom gains electrons it becomes?

A

A negative ion (Anion)

42
Q

When a neutral atom loses electrons it becomes?

A

A positive ion (cation)

43
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A structure containing two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds i.e O2

44
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When two non-metals bond by sharing electrons i.e H2O or CO2

45
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

When an atom transfers one or more electrons to another

46
Q

What is a chemical compound?

A

It is a pure substance made up from two or more different elements which have been joined together by a chemical reaction

47
Q

What’s the difference between a chemical compound and a mixture?

A

In a chemical compound the atoms join together to form a new molecule i.e H2O. A mixture is when atoms aren’t chemically bonded so can be separated again i.e sea water

48
Q

What are the 3 types of mixtures?

A

-solutions (i.e sea water)
-suspensions (i.e sand in water)
-colloids (i.e clouds or milk)

49
Q

What is density?

A

The amount of mass per unit volume

50
Q

What is density measured in?

A

Kilogram per cubic metre

51
Q

In relation to the 3 states of matter, what state has the greatest forces of attraction?

A

Solids

52
Q

Can particles move in a solid?

A

No but they can vibrate

53
Q

In relation the states of matter, which state has the most collisions?

A

Liquid

54
Q

Which state of matter doesn’t have a surface?

A

Gas

55
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Liquid transforms into a gas

56
Q

What is the opposite of evaporation?

A

Condensation

57
Q

What is boiling?

A

The rapid evaporation at a fixed temperature

58
Q

What makes water easier to boil and evaporate?

A

A lower atmospheric pressure

59
Q

For molecules to separate during evaporation what is needed for the particles to overcome the attraction forces?

A

Energy (taken from the surroundings such as heat being taken in)

60
Q

Because heat is taken in during evaporation what type of process is this?

A

Endothermic

61
Q

What is condensation?

A

The change in state from a gas to a liquid

62
Q

What is the inverse of evaporation?

A

Condensation

63
Q

How does condensation work?

A

When gas particles cool down they lose kinetic energy and become attracted together to form a liquid

64
Q

Why is condensation exothermic?

A

Because heat is being given out to the atmosphere

65
Q

What is melting?

A

When a solid turns into a liquid

66
Q

What is the process of melting?

A

When a solid is heated up the particles vibrate more aggressively and overcome the forces of attraction

67
Q

Why is a melting an endothermic process?

A

Because energy is needed to overcome the attraction forces so it takes in heat

68
Q

What is the process of freezing?

A

When a liquid becomes a solid

69
Q

What is sublimation?

A

The transition from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid first

70
Q

What is deposition?

A

The transition from gas to solid without becoming a liquid first

71
Q

How are atoms identified?

A

By the number of protons in the nucleus

B1 2-physics (5 decks)

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