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B1 2-physics > 2.5 Wave Motion And Sound > Flashcards

2.5 Wave Motion And Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mechanical wave?

A

An oscillation of matter

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2
Q

Why is a mechanical wave an oscillation of matter?

A

It requires a medium through which to transmit energy

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3
Q

Why cant mechanical waves exist in a vacuum?

A

Because vacuums have no matter to transmit energy through

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4
Q

What are the two classifications of mechanical waves?

A

Transverse or longitudinal

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5
Q

How does a transverse wave travel along its wavelength?

A

Perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave (up and down like a normal wavelength)

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6
Q

How does a longitudinal wave travel along its wavelength?

A

The displacement is parallel to the propagation of the wave (being pushed horizontally)

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7
Q

What are the 4 parts to a transverse wave?

A

-wavelength
-amplitude
-crest (top)
-trough (bottom)

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8
Q

In a longitudinal wave what is it called when the particles are close together when traveling through?

A

Compression

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9
Q

In a longitudinal wave what is it called when the particles are spread apart and travel through the wave?

A

Rarefaction (sometimes called expansion)

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10
Q

What is one periodic time of a wavelength?

A

The time it takes to complete one oscillation

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11
Q

What is the frequency of a wavelength?

A

The number of complete oscillations in one second

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12
Q

What is the equation for wavelength?

A

Wave speed / frequency

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13
Q

What is wave interference?

A

The phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet and form a resultant wave greater, lower, or the same amplitude

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14
Q

What are standing/ stationary waves?

A

The combination of waves of the same amplitude and frequency moving in opposite directions casing a point where the wave doesn’t move at all

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15
Q

The phenomenon of standing/stationary waves is the result of?

A

Interference

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16
Q

What are sound waves?

A

Vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be detected when they reach an elastic medium, such as a microphone or eardrum

17
Q

The speed at which sound waves travel depends on?

A

The medium that the waves are passing throgh

18
Q

What is the speed of sound in a normal room?

A

343m/s

19
Q

What is the speed of sound in water?

A

1500m/s

20
Q

When temperature increase wha happens to the speed of sound?

A

It decreases

21
Q

What is the equation to calculate the speed of sound?

A

20 x √temperature

22
Q

What is a mach number describing?

A

The ratio of the speed of an aircraft in relation to the speed of sound

23
Q

What is subsonic?

A

Less than mach 1

24
Q

What is transonic?

A

Going mach 1

25
Q

What is supersonic?

A

Greater than mach 1

26
Q

What is hypersonic?

A

Faster than mach 5

27
Q

What does the loudness of a sound depend on?

A

The amplitude of the vibrations and the distance from the sound source

28
Q

At what level of noise causes permanent damage to human ear from a prolonged exposure?

A

Sound pressure levels exceeding 85dB

29
Q

In relation to sound what is pitch?

A

A shrill (high pitched noise) sound can be distinguished from a deep sound

30
Q

What does pitch depend on?

A

The frequency (the greater the frequency, the higher the pitch and vice versa)

31
Q

When you have multiple sounds being produced what is the tone with the lowest frequency called?

A

Fundamental frequency

32
Q

When you have multiple sounds playing what are the tones called if they aren’t the lowest frequency?

A

Overtones or harmonics

33
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

The change in frequency of a wave, caused by the movement of a body relative to the wave source (think of an ambulance driving past and how the sound changes)

34
Q

If the source of a sound moves towards you, what happens to the frequency of the sound?

A

It will appear higher and faster

35
Q

If the source of a sound moves away from you, what happens to the frequency of the sound?

A

It appears lower and slower

B1 2-physics (5 decks)

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