matter Flashcards
what is matter
anything that takes up space or has mass
what does matter consist of
chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds
what is an element
substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
what does an element’s properties depend on
the structure of its atoms
what does the formation and function of molecules depend on
chemical bonding between atoms
what makes and breaks chemical bonds
Chemical reactions
what’s an atom
smallest unit of the element that retains the properties
whats a compound
2 or more elements in a fired ratio
what makes bonds and how
electrons when they are shared
what defines an atom of an element
protons - definitional
location, mass and charge of protons
location = nucleus
mass = 1
charge = +
location, mass and charge of neutrons
location = nucleus
mass = 1
charge = 0
location, mass and charge of electrons
location = atomic cloud
mass = 0
charge = –
what is energy
capacity to cause change
what is potential energy
energy due to location or structure
what are valence electrons
electrons found in outermost shell - chemical behaviour of atom is largely determined by these
what are isotopes
elements with variations in neutrons
main thing to remember about Carbon
perfect sharer
main thing to remember about oxygen
electronegative – pulls electrons towards them
3 main types of bonds
- covalent (shared)
- ionic (stolen)
- weak (attracted)
2 types of covalent bonds
- Non-polar – equal sharing of electrons
- Polar – unequal sharing of electrons e.g. water - partial charges
what gives an ionic bond
element very electronegative fully stealing the electrons – turns fully positive or fully negative
2 types of weak bonds
- Hydrogen bonds – forms when a H+ atom is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom that is also attracted to another electronegative atom e.g. water atoms
- Van der Waals Interactions – result from attractions between regions of unequal e- distributions of molecules or atoms (weak but millions together = strong)
