matter

Question 1

what is matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space or has mass

Question 2

what does matter consist of

Answer 2

chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds

Question 3

what is an element

Answer 3

substance that cannot be broken down into other substances

Question 4

what does an element’s properties depend on

Answer 4

the structure of its atoms

Question 5

what does the formation and function of molecules depend on

Answer 5

chemical bonding between atoms

Question 6

what makes and breaks chemical bonds

Answer 6

Chemical reactions

Question 7

what’s an atom

Answer 7

smallest unit of the element that retains the properties

Question 8

whats a compound

Answer 8

2 or more elements in a fired ratio

Question 9

what makes bonds and how

Answer 9

electrons when they are shared

Question 10

what defines an atom of an element

Answer 10

protons - definitional

Question 11

location, mass and charge of protons

Answer 11

location = nucleus
mass = 1
charge = +

Question 12

location, mass and charge of neutrons

Answer 12

location = nucleus
mass = 1
charge = 0

Question 13

location, mass and charge of electrons

Answer 13

location = atomic cloud
mass = 0
charge = –

Question 14

what is energy

Answer 14

capacity to cause change

Question 15

what is potential energy

Answer 15

energy due to location or structure

Question 16

what are valence electrons

Answer 16

electrons found in outermost shell - chemical behaviour of atom is largely determined by these

Question 17

what are isotopes

Answer 17

elements with variations in neutrons

Question 18

main thing to remember about Carbon

Answer 18

perfect sharer

Question 19

main thing to remember about oxygen

Answer 19

electronegative – pulls electrons towards them

Question 20

3 main types of bonds

Answer 20

• covalent (shared)
• ionic (stolen)
• weak (attracted)

Question 21

2 types of covalent bonds

Answer 21

• Non-polar – equal sharing of electrons
• Polar – unequal sharing of electrons e.g. water - partial charges

Question 22

what gives an ionic bond

Answer 22

element very electronegative fully stealing the electrons – turns fully positive or fully negative

Question 23

2 types of weak bonds

Answer 23

• Hydrogen bonds – forms when a H+ atom is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom that is also attracted to another electronegative atom e.g. water atoms
• Van der Waals Interactions – result from attractions between regions of unequal e- distributions of molecules or atoms (weak but millions together = strong)