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General Chemistry > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Is anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

May appear to be continuous and unbroken (but actually discontinuous; since it is made up of tiny particles)

A

Matter

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3
Q

Can be classified based on the physical state, or based on the chemical state or composition

A

Matter

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4
Q

A particular kind of matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties

A

Pure substance

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5
Q

Matter that contains two or more substances in variable amounts

A

Mixture

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6
Q

a fundamental or elementary substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

A

Element

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7
Q

a distinct substance that contains two or more elements combined in a definite proportion by weight.

A

Compound

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8
Q

a water molecule is consists of __?

A

2 H and 1 O atom

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9
Q

Compounds can be classified as:

A

Ionic and Molecular

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10
Q

A type of compound that is held together by attractive forces between their positive and negative charges.

A

Ionic compounds

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11
Q

A type of compound that is held together by covalent bonds

A

Molecular compounds

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12
Q

True or False:

Water does not contain free hydrogen (H₂) or free oxygen (O₂).

A

True

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13
Q

The H₂ part of H₂O means that 2 atoms of hydrogen are combined with one atom of oxygen in the water molecule.

A

Water

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14
Q

A type of mixture that consists of two or more substances, but has one phase of uniform appearance and properties all throughout.

A

Homogenous mixture

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15
Q

a type of mixture with two or more physically distinct phases present

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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16
Q

solute + solvent = solution

A

Homogeneous mixture

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17
Q

The ____ is scattering of light by particles in a color or suspension.

A

Tyndall Effect

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18
Q

what are the physical states of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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19
Q

the molecules that make up a solid are arranged in regular, repeating patterns. They are held firmly in place but can vibrate within a limited area.

A

Solid

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20
Q

the molecules that make up a liquid flow easily around one another. They are kept from flying apart by attractive forces between them.

A

Liquid

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21
Q

The molecules that make up a gas fly in all directions at great speeds. They are so far apart that the attractive forces between them are insignificant

A

Gas

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22
Q

At the very high temperature of stars, atoms lose their electrons. The mixture of electrons and nuclei that results is the plasma state of matter.

A

Plasma

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23
Q

What’s the 5th state of matter?

A

Bose-Einstein Condensate

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24
Q

It is a gas that is so close to absolute zero that it begins to display quantum effects on a larger scale.

A

Bose-Einstein

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25
Q

Bose-Einstein condensates weren’t created in the laboratory until the (yr)s

A

1990s

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26
Q
  • Group of atoms code within absolute zero
  • Atoms are hardly moving relative to each other— Have almost no free energy to do so, so the atoms begin to clump together and enter the same energy states. They become identical, from a physical point of view, and the whole group starts behaving as though it’s a single atom.
A

Bose-Einstein Condensate

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27
Q

True or False:

Mixtures can be created separated by physical means

A

True

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28
Q

True or False:

Compounds can only separated by chemical means

A

True

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29
Q

True or False:
Element are pure substances
When the subatomic particles of an element are separated from its atom, it no longer retains the properties of that element.

A

True

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30
Q

characteristic of a substance

A

Property

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31
Q

Are attributes that do not depend on the amount of matter

A

Intensive properties

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32
Q

Exist at molecular level, inherent to chemical composition

A

Intensive properties

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33
Q

The property is unchanged by altering the sample size

A

Intensive properties

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34
Q

Or attribute that depend on the amount of matter

A

Extensive properties

35
Q

Constantly changing attributes, thus cannot be used for identification of certain object or matter

A

Extensive properties

36
Q

A small matter is added to a system, both mass and volume changes

A

Extensive properties

37
Q

True or False:
While extensive properties are great for describing a sample, they aren’t very helpful in identifying samples because they can change according to sample size because they can change according to sample size or conditions.

A

True

38
Q

True or False:
All chemical properties are intensive.
None is extensive.
But not all intensive properties are ___

A

Because chemical properties never depend on how much of a substance is present, but only on what kind of particles make up the substance.

Solubility is an intensive property but not a chemical property

39
Q

are observed when a material undergoes chemical change. Nuclear/atomic stability, combustibility, ionization, and relative activity to other substances.

A

Chemical properties

40
Q

can be observed without changing the composition of the substance.

A

Physical properties

41
Q

reversible by physical means

A

Physical change

42
Q

one substance is dissolved in another substance — one substance is dissolved in another substance

A

The Solution process

43
Q

Changes of Matter

A

Physical and Chemical

44
Q

a substance goes from one phase to another; solid, liquid, or gas by the addition or removal of heat.

A

Phase change

45
Q

True or False:

All changes of state are called physical changes because atoms and molecules within do not change.

A

True

46
Q

True or False:

All physical changes are easily reversible. The original state can be achieved by reversing the change.

A

True

47
Q

True or False:

The nature of the atoms and molecules involved in a physical change is not altered — chemically they are the same.

A

True

48
Q

True or False:
A few physical changes, like dissolving certain solutes, may result in a temperature change, but most physical changes do not have an energy change associated with them.

A

True

49
Q

A substance undergoes a reaction and forms products having different properties than the reactants

A

Chemical change

50
Q

Occurs when the substance’s composition is changed

A

Chemical change

51
Q

chemical reaction that involves absorption of heat by the system from the surrounding.

A

Endothermic

52
Q

chemical reaction which involves release of heat by the system to the surrounding

A

Exothermic

53
Q

Occurs when the nuclei of atoms are rearranged to form new atoms

A

Nuclear change

54
Q

Involves changes in nuclear structure

A

Nuclear change

55
Q
  • All chemical changes are difficult to reverse. They occur as a result of a reaction between reactant chemicals to make new products.
  • Reaction can be summarized by chemical equation
A

Indicators of Change

56
Q

when colorless acid and alkali are mixed, a colorless solution remains. If an indicator is added, there is a color change.

A

Subtle color change

57
Q
  • exothermic process

- increase in temperature

A

Energy is released

58
Q
  • endothermic process

- temperature decreases

A

Energy is taken in

59
Q

when colorless acid and alkali are mixed, a colorless solution remains. If an indicator is added, there is a color change.

A

Phase changes

60
Q

the settling of particles or sediment onto a surface. The particles may originate from a vapor, solution, suspension, or mixture.

A

Deposition

61
Q

the ionization of particles in the upper atmosphere to form the aurora. Ionization may be observed inside a plasma ball novelty toy. Ionization energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.

A

Ionization

62
Q

a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight. When atoms combine to form compounds, it always has a fixed proportion.

A

Law of Definite Composition

63
Q

when 2 elements form a series of compounds, the rations of the masses of the second element that combined with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers.

A

Law of Multiple Proportion

64
Q

no change is observed in the total mass of the substances involved in a chemical change. In a chemical reaction the total mass of the product is equal to the total mass of the reactant.

A

Law of Conversation Mass

65
Q

energy can be neither created nor destroyed, though it can be transformed from one form of energy to another form of energy.

A

Law of Conservation of Energy

66
Q

Forms of Energy

A

Chemical
Radiant
Mechanical
Electrical

67
Q

Types of Energy

A

Potential

Kinetic

68
Q

energy due to position

A

potential energy

69
Q

the energy in motion

A

kinetic energy

70
Q

a source of chemical potential energy

A

gasoline

71
Q

contains atoms of different elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio

A

compound

72
Q

Chemical composition: contains different elements in a fixed ratio arranged in a defined manner through chemical bonds; contains only 1 type of molecule

A

Compound’s chemical composition

73
Q

Mass ratio: has specific mass ratio: pyrite has 46.6% iron and 53.4% sulfur by mass. This is true of all pyrite no matter the sample size

A

Compound’s mass ratio

74
Q

Representation: has chemical formula

A

Compound’s representation

75
Q

Method of Separation: through chemical reaction that breaks the atomic binding the molecules of a compound

A

Compound’s method of separation

76
Q

combination of 2 or more substances that are physically mixed only, no chemical reaction when mixed

A

Mixture

77
Q

Chemical composition: contains two or more types of pure substances which do not form chemical bonds, visibly distinct components oftentimes

A

Mixture’s chemical composition

78
Q

Mass ratio: has variable mass ratio depending upon what quantities of the ingredients have been combined in the mixture

A

Mixture’s mass ratio

79
Q

Representation: no chemical formula

A

Mixture’s representation

80
Q

Method of separation: physical means: sedimentation or decantation, evaporation, distillation, centrifugation, filtration

A

Mixture’s method of separation

81
Q

Molecules composed of two or more elements

A

Molecular compound

82
Q

Cations with positive charge; anions with negative charge

A

Ionic compound

83
Q

measure of how easily a material is scratched

A

Hardness

84
Q

ability to be stretched/drawn into fine wires

A

Ductility

General Chemistry (6 decks)

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