Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q
  • Developed the idea of atoms

- Pounded up materials in pestle and mortar until he had reduced them to smaller particles - ‘Atomos

A

Democritus

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2
Q

neutral same mass as proton (“1”)

A

Neutron

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3
Q

positive same mass as neutron (“1”)

A

Proton

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4
Q

negative mass nearly nothing

A

Electron

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5
Q

What does the Dalton’s Atomic Theory states?

A
  1. All matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
  2. All atoms of the same element have the same chemical properties. Conversely, atoms of different elements have different chemical properties.
  3. Compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
  4. A molecule is a tightly bound combination of two or more atoms that act as a single unit.
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6
Q
  • Discovered by Erwin Schrodinger and Werner Heisenberg.
  • Atom consists of a dense nucleus and many protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons, but they all have different energy levels, and different charges.
A

1920s Electron Cloud Model

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7
Q

Matter can be neither created nor destroyed

A

The Law of Conservation of Mass

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8
Q
  • The total mass of matter at the end of the experiment was exactly the same as that at the beginning.
  • Dalton’s theory explained: If all matter consists of indestructible atoms, then any chemical reaction changes the attachments between atoms but does not destroy the atoms themselves.
A

The Law of Conservation of Mass

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9
Q

True or False:

Any compound is always made of elements in the same proportion by mass

A

True

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10
Q

True or False:
In Dalton’s Theory, If H₂O molecule consists of 1 atom of O and 2 atoms of H and if O atom has a mass 16 times that of a H atom, then the mass ratio of these 2 elements must always be 8 to 1

A

True

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11
Q

Helium and Neon - have single atom

A

Monoatomic elements

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12
Q

Gases that exist in nature; each has 2 atoms joined together by chemical bond

A

Diatomic elements

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13
Q

proposed that electrons outside the nucleus are “quantized”

A

N. Bohr

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14
Q

neutron and proton (combined) is also called?

A

Nucleons

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15
Q

True or False:

number of protons = number of electrons

A

True

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16
Q

What are the sub atomic particles of an Atom?

A

Proton
Electron
Neutron

17
Q

Why the number of protons = number of electrons?

A

So the electrical charges of an atom will be neutral

18
Q

Atomic number =?

A

number of protons

19
Q

neutrons may vary because of?

A

Isotopes

20
Q

The size of an atom may vary to the quantity of?

A

Shell orbit

21
Q

True or False:
Fact 1- Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shells that corresponds to their group number

A

True

22
Q

Last energy level is also known as?

A

Valence shell/Valence energy level

23
Q

True or False:

Fact 2- As you move down through the periods an extra electron shell is added

A

True

24
Q

It is the horizontal arrangement of the elements

A

Period

25
Q

True or False:

Fact 3- Most of the Elements are Metals

A

True

26
Q

True or False:

Fact 4- (Most important) All elements in the same group have similar PROPERTIES. This is called PERIODICITY.

A

True

27
Q

Mass of Electron is?

A

9.11 x 10⁻³¹ kg

28
Q

Mass of Proton is?

A

1.67 x 10⁻²⁷ kg

29
Q

Mass of Neutron is?

A

1.67 x 10⁻²⁷ kg

30
Q

What is the magnitude charge of proton and electron?

A

1.67 x 10⁻¹⁹ C

31
Q

The first electron shell can only hold a maximum of?

A

two electrons

32
Q

The second electron shell can hold a maximum of?

A

eight electrons

33
Q

The third electron shell can also hold a maximum of?

A

eight electrons

34
Q

The fourth electron shell can also hold?

A

eighteen electrons

35
Q

It defines the characteristics of an atom, it also defines the shapes and size of an atom

A

Electron

36
Q

These are the tiny indivisible particles that is known as

A

Atoms