Matteoti Crisis Flashcards
Why was Giacomo Matteoti killed
Opposition Deputies tried to publicise illegal Fascist practice – Giacomo Matteoti (Socialist) provided evidence of terror and violence during the campaign. On 10 June 1924 – within days of making these allegations – he was murdered by Fascist thugs.
The murder shocked both Mussolini’s opponents and his Liberal supporters. Mussolini denied all knowledge of the crime, but evidence in the press linked the PM to the murder and public opinion turned against him.
Mussolini was widely suspected of organizing the murder.
What was Mussolini’s response to the crisis:
Denial: 13th June (to Parliament)
Shift the blame: Rossi and Dumini arrested and De Bono sacked as Chief of Police. Strengthen links with the King and the elites e.g. Fascist militia. Oath was now to the King. Increases repressive measures e.g Militia mobilized (ordered out onto street) Censorship is strengthened.
Accepts responsibility (3rd January 1925): Under pressure from the Ras, (and encouraged by King’s failure to act so far) Mussolini took responsibility for Matteotti’s death. Also declared intention to rule as dictator!
What groups opposed Mussolinis plans to become a dictator and how?
Socialist, Communist and some PPI Deputies set up their own Parliament – the ‘Aventine Secession’. Hoped to encourage King to dismiss Mussolini.
Why did the king refuse to dismiss Mussolini
Position looked vulnerable in midst of crisis. King refused to dismiss Mussolini (feared that Revolutionary Left would be strengthened and the onset of a civil war)
Who supported Mussolini
Conservatives and Liberals continued to support as saw it as opportunity to enhance influence over the weakened PM.
