Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sarah's Physics > Maths and Stats > Flashcards

Maths and Stats Flashcards

1
Q

log10(1) =

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

log10(10) =

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

log10(100) =

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

log10(1000) =

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differentiation equation and correspondence

A

dy/dx
Rate slope is changing
Ie steep is fast, lowest point on curve = rate 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Integration equation and corresponds to

A

y = f(x)dx
Area under curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Variance equation

A

npq

sum of (x-mean2)/n-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SD equation

A

Square root of variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are the mean and variance dependant or independent parameters

A

Independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Standard error of mean equation

A

SD of means of multiple samples

SD/ square root of n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the null hypothesis

A

That there is no difference
If confidence limit includes 0 then can’t reject null hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a type 1 (alpha) error

A

False positive (p value same as alpha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a type 2 (beta) error

A

False negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the p value

A

Probability of getting the observed value or more extreme when the null is true
ie p = 0.01 = 1/100 chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Calculate power

A

1 - B error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to increase power of study (3)

A
  1. Large sample size
  2. Low SD
  3. Parametric tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sensitivity

A

TP / TP + FN x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Specificity

A

TN / TN + FP x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PPV

A

TP / TP + FP x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Likelihood ratio equation

A

sensitivity / (1 - specificity)
y axis x axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Range of correlation coefficient (r)

A

0 to (+/-)1 where 0 is no correlation and 1 is fully positive or negative correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NPV

A

TN / TN + FN x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is r squared

A

Coefficient of determination
r=0.8, r squared=0.64 = 64% variability in y can be attributed to x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is least squares regression

A

Finding mean of x and y and finding line of best fit from this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What compares two measuring devices
Bland Altman plot
26
Asolute risk =
event rate
27
ARR =
ARc - ARt
28
NNT =
1 / ARR
29
RR =
ARt / ARc
30
RRR =
1-RR
31
RR 1 = RR >1 = RR <1 =
no association more risk less risk
32
Relative risk can be used to assess which kind of study
Cohort study (prospective)
33
If confidence interval includes 1 is it statistically significant
No
34
Odds ratio can be used to assess which kind of study
Cohort (prospective) and case control (retrospective)
35
Odds =
No events/ No non events
36
Odds ratio =
Odds Tx / Odds Cx group
37
2 types of quantitative date
1. Continuous (inc decimals) 2. Discrete (whole numbers)
38
Pearson correlation coefficient used for
Parametric data
39
Paired or unpaired T test
2 groups of parametric data
40
ANOVA or multiple T tests
3 groups of parametric data
41
Statistical significance level in multiple T tests
0.05 / no. tests
42
Spearson rho correlation coefficient
Non parametric data
43
Mann Witney U test
2 groups of unpaired non parametric data
44
Wilcoxon
2 groups of paired non parametric data
45
Kruskal Wallis
3 groups of unpaired non parametric data
46
Friedman
3 groups of paired non parametric data
47
2 types of qualitative data
1. Nominal (yes/no) (categories) 2. Ordinal (GCS/ ASA etc) (Can use non parametric tests)
48
Fishers exact test
2x2 unpaired qualitative data
49
How to perform chi squared test
Calculate expected values if null hypothesis is true using totals from table. Calculate chi squared number for each cell = sum of (O-E)2 / E Calculate DoF = (rows-1) x (columns-1)
50
Cohort study
Prospective study Two groups Exposed to Tx Monitor condition Ix
51
Case control study
Retrospective study Two groups - 1 has known Dx, one does not Work backwards to find exposure
52
Selection bias
Flaw in way population studied selection
53
Information bias
Systematic error in collection of data
54
Confounding factor
May be a factor which causes both outcomes
55
Phase 1 clinical trial
Small scale, healthy volunteers, asses safety
56
Phase 2 clinical trial
Test on patients with disease, drug dose range, small RCT
57
Phase 3 clinical trial
Large multi centre RCT
58
Phase 4 clinical trial
Post marketing surveillance
59
Does a per protocol analysis include patients who have dropped out
No
60
Does an intention to treat analysis include patients who have dropped out
Yes

Sarah's Physics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions