Atoms And Molecules Flashcards
What is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?
The probability that a particle will have a given speed (presented graphically as a normal distribution with right skew)
How does temperature affect the maxwell-boltmann distribution
Increases kinetic energy therefore increases speed and moves curve to the right
Equation for kinetic energy of molecules
Ke = 1/2 mv squared
How does molecular weight affect speed in kinetic energy at a constant temperature
Heavier molecules have a slower speed
Equation for force
Which newton’s law is this
Force = mass x acceleration
This is newton’s second law
Equation for pressure and definition of pressure
Pressure = force/ total area
Force of gas particles colliding with container wall
Newton’s first law of motion
An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion with a constant velocity
Newtons third law of motion
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Equation for momentum
P = mass x velocity
Units for force
Newton (1 newton gives a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1 m/s squared)
SI unit for pressure
Pascal
One Newtown acting over 1 metre squared
Pressure conversion units = 1 atmosphere
101.3 kPa
1 bar
760 mmHg
A closed ended manometer will give an ____ pressure
Absolute
Boyles law
At a constant temperature, pressure is inversely related to volume
Charles law
At a constant pressure, temperature is directly proportional to volume
Guy Lussacs law
At a constant volume, the absolute pressure of a mass is directly proportional to absolute temperature in Kelvin
Avogrados principle
Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules
What is a mole
Quantity of substance containing the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon 12
Equal to 6.022x10 23
How many litres does one mole of gas occupy at standard temperature and pressure
22.4 L
Standard temperature and pressure
Temperature 273 K
Pressure 1 atm
Ideal gas law
What is R
PV = nRT
R = 8.31
Daltons Law
In a mixture if gases, the pressure exerted by each gas is the same that which it would exert if it occupied the container alone
What is the critical temperature
The temperature above which a substance cannot be liquefied however much pressure is applied.
What is critical pressure
Vapour pressure of a substance at critical temperature