Math/ Statistics

Question 1

The complete collection of “all” individuals/items to be studied.

Answer 1

Population

Question 2

A subcollection of members selected from the population.

Answer 2

Sample

Question 3

A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population.

Answer 3

Parameter

Question 4

A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample

Answer 4

Statistic

Question 5

Data consisting of numbers representing counts or measurements

Answer 5

Quantitative data

Question 6

Quantitative data representing a finite or countable number

Answer 6

Discrete data

Question 7

Quantitative data representing an infinite many possible values corresponding to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps

Answer 7

Continuous data

Question 8

Data that consists of names or pavers or numbers that do not represent a count or measurement

Answer 8

Qualitative data

Question 9

A sample of n subjects selected in such a way that every possible sample of size n has the same chance of being chosen

Answer 9

Simple Random Sample (SRS)

Question 10

A sample in which the researcher selects some starting point and then selects every kth element in the population

Answer 10

Systematic sample

Question 11

A sample in which the researcher subdivides the population into at least two different groups and draws a sample from each group

Answer 11

Stratified sample

Question 12

A sample in which the researcher first divides the population into sections, and then randomly selects all members from some of those clusters.

Answer 12

Cluster Sample

Question 13

A sample in which the researcher simply uses results that are very easy to get. This is not a valid sampling method and will likely result in biased data

Answer 13

Convenience sample

Question 14

If the result of the sample are not representative of the population

Answer 14

Bias

Question 15

The technique used to obtain the individuals to be in the sample tends to favor one part of the population over another

Answer 15

Sampling bias

Question 16

When individuals selected to be in the sample who do not respond to a survey have different opinions from those who do

Answer 16

Nonresponse bias

Question 17

When answers on a survey do not reflect the true feelings of the respondent.

Answer 17

Response bias

Question 18

The idea that the sample must contain the characteristics of the population. One of the main concerns in the field of statistics is how accurately a statistic estimates a parameter

Answer 18

Representative sample

Question 19

Part of the whole/ total

Answer 19

Proportion

Question 20

The measure of center is a value at the center (or middle) of a data set of numbers.

Answer 20

Center of data

Question 21

The average of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set and then dividing by the number of values in the set

Answer 21

Mean

Question 22

The middle value when a data set is ordered from leaf to greatest. When two values are in the middle, the _______ is the average of the two values.

Answer 22

Median

Question 23

The number that occurs most often in a data set

Answer 23

Mode

Question 24

A point that is not consistent with the bulk of the data from that group. These values can occur by chance, because of error in measurement, during data entry, or sampling errors.

Answer 24

Outlier

Question 25

A value in a set of data such that k percent of the observations are less than or equal to the value. Decorated Pk

Answer 25

Percentiles

Question 26

Divides the data set into fourths. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles

Answer 26

Quartiles

Question 27

The highest frequency occurs in the middle and frequencies tail off to the left and the right of the middle

Answer 27

Bell-shaped Distribution (Normal)

Question 28

The tail extends to the right of the peak longer than to the left. There are extreme values (outliers) to the right

Answer 28

Right-Skewed (positively skewed)

Question 29

The tail extends to the left of the peak longer than to the right. There are extreme values (outliers) to the left.

Answer 29

Left-skewed (negatively skewed)

Question 30

The degree to which the data are spread out.

Answer 30

Variation

Question 31

The difference between the maximum data value and the minimum data value.

Answer 31

Range

Question 32

A measure of how much data values deviate from the mean. It is the distance a data value is from the mean (center)

Answer 32

Standard deviation

Question 33

Deviation about the mean - it is the square of the standard deviation.

Answer 33

Variance

Question 34

The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment

Answer 34

Sample space

Question 35

A long-term relative frequency of an outcome whose value is between zero and one, inclusive

Answer 35

Probability

Question 36

When each outcome of an experiment occurs with equal probability.

Answer 36

Equally Likely

Question 37

% that it is not going to happen

Answer 37

Complement

Question 38

The probability that event A will occur given that event B has already occurred.

Answer 38

Conditional probability

Question 39

Knowledge that one occurred does not affect the chance the other occurs.

Answer 39

Two events are independent

Question 40

Members of the population are replaced after being selected and that each member can be chosen more than once.

Answer 40

Sampling with replacement (independent)

Question 41

Members of the population are not replaced after being selected and that each member cannot be chosen more than once.

Answer 41

Sampling without replacement (dependent)

Question 42

Events cannot occur at the same time, meaning that they share no common outcomes.

Answer 42

Mutually exclusive

Question 43

The number of standard deviations that a data value x is above or below the mean.

Answer 43

Z-score (standardized score)