Maternal Physio Flashcards
Increase in cardiac output during pregnancy is attributed to
Decreased SVR
Cardiac output increases during
5 weeks AOG
Plasma volume expansion begins at
10-20 weeks
Heart is displaced ____ and _____ and rotated on its long axis
Left and upward
What causes the larger cardiac silhouette on CXR in pregnant women?
Apex moved laterally
Murmur heard in 90% of patients that is intensified during inspiration
Systolic murmur
Arterial pressure usually decreases to a nadir at how many weeks
24-26 weeks
Principal prostaglandin of endothelium that is increased during late pregnancy
Prostacyclin
Potent vasoconstrictor that stimulates secretion of ANP, aldosterone and catecholamines
Endothelin
Normal blood loss during vaginal delivery
500ml
Maternal blood expands during what trimester
2nd
Remission of autoimmune disorders is due to
Suppressed TH1 response
Hypervolemia averages 40-45% above nonpregnant blood volume during
32-34 weeks
Failure of TH1 suppresion may be related to the development of
Preeclampsia
Increased levels of these coagulation factors occur in pregnancy
4 F Fibrinogen Factor 7 Factor 10 Flasminogen
WBC and platelet counts are____ during pregnancy
Increased WBC
Decreased platelets
Diaphragm rises about how many cms in pregnancy?
4cm
Subcostal angle widens how much during the 2nd half of pregnancy?
2cm
There is an increase of ___cm in thoracic circumference
6cm
Physiologic dyspnea results from increase in _______ which lowers blood PCO2
Tidal volume
This hormone lowers the threshold and increases sensitivity to CO2
Progesterone
Softening of the isthmus is called
Hegar sign
Uterine enlargement is most marked in the
Fundus
Main portion of the uterine wall with figure of 8 configuration
Middle layer
Softening and cyanosis of the cervix due to increased vascularity
Goodell sign
Produces progesterone during the first 6-7 weeks
Corpus luteum
Protein hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, decidua and placenta that remodels reproductive tract
Relaxin
Increased vascularity of the vagina that results to violet discoloration
Chadwick
Glands that become prominent in the breasts
Glands of montgomery
Postprandial hyperglycemia may be due to this hormone
Placental lactogen
Estrogen
Progesterone
Average weight gain during pregnancy
12.5kg
Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant patients: what happens to blood sugar levels?
Mild fasting hypoglycemia
Postprandial hyperglycemia
Hyperinsulinemia
TAG, LDL, HDL and VLDL are all increased during what trimester
3rd
Leptin deficiency is associated with
Anovulation
Infertility
Abnormally elevated leptin results to
Preeclampsia
GDM
Right ureter is dilated more than the left because
Dextrorotated uterus
Bladder trigone is elevated during
12 weeks
Appendix is displaced in what direction during pregnancy
Upward and laterally
Focal, highly vascular swelling of the gums but regress spontaneously after delivery
Epulis of pregnancy
What happens to the liver size during pregnancy
Remains the same
This hormone impairs gallbladder contraction which results to increased stasis and cholesterol saturation
Progesterone
This hormone inhibits intraductal transport of bile acids
Estrogen
Principal source of GH secretion starting
17 weeks AOG
Major determinant of maternal insulin resistance after midpregnancy
Placental GH
This hormone prevents water transfer from fetus into maternal compartment to prevent fetal dehydration
Prolactin in amniotic fluid
TSH and HCG has identical
Alpha subunits
The only hormone in the adrenal gland that is decreased during pregnancy
DHEA
dhecreased
