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Developmental Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic female sex is determined by the absence of

A

SRY gene

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2
Q

This sex determination is determined at the time of fertilization

A

Genetic sex

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3
Q

Single most consistent determinant of maleness

A

Presence of Y chromosome

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4
Q

This hypothesis states that one of the 2 copies of the X chromosome present in females is inactivated

Basis of sex chromatin test

A

Lyon hypothesis

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5
Q

Sex determination test that stains the hair strands with fluorescent stain

Used for large populations (Olympics) that ensures the individual joining the female division is a normal genetic female

A

Hair root test

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6
Q

Sex chomatin test looks for Barr bodies while Hair root test looks for

A

Y bodies

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7
Q

Most accurate method for sex determination

A

Karyotyping

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8
Q

This term describes the development of primary sex organs in response to genetic sex

A

Gonadal sex

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9
Q

At what week of gestation does the fetus have bipotential gonads?

A

4-6 weeks

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10
Q

This cell secretes testosterone which controls the development of the Wolffian duct and development of male external genitalia through DHT

A

Leydig cells

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11
Q

What hormone promotes the development of male external genitalia?

A

DHT

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12
Q

What hormone promotes the development of Wolffian duct into accessory structure?

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

This cell secretes anti mullerian hormone that cause the regression of the mullerian duct

A

Sertoli cell

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14
Q

The testis comes from this embryonic structure

A

Embryonic medulla

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15
Q

What happens to the embryonic cortex upon development of the male gonads?

A

Regresses

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16
Q

Formation of Sertoli cells happens during

A

6-7 weeks

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17
Q

Formation of Leydig cells occur during

A

8-9 weeks

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18
Q

Secretion of testosterone of Leydig cells occurs in response to what hormone

A

HCG

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19
Q

At what AOG is the definitive testes present and secretion of testosterone established?

20
Q

At what AOG does the testes descend through the inguinal ring?

A

7-9 months

21
Q

What hormone does the embryonic ovary secrete?

22
Q

The embryonic cortex in female development proliferates to become

23
Q

The ovaries reach maximal development at what AOG

A

20-25 weeks

24
Q

In female gonad development the embryonic medulla regresses and forms the

A

Hilum of mature ovaries

25
Q

When does female gonadal development start?

A

9 weeks when there is absence of signal for testis formation

26
Q

This type of sex is determined by the regulation of gonadal sex of the differentiation of the genital apparatus

A

Phenotypic sex

27
Q

Derivatives of the Wolffian duct

A

VESt
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Seminal vesicle

28
Q

Derivatives of the Paramesonephric duct

A 
Carey Mulligan (Mullerian)
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Cervix
Upper vagina
29
Q

This hormone is required for conversion of testosterone to DHT

A

5 alpha reductase

30
Q

Precursor of both external genitalia

31
Q

Genital tubercle develops into these structures in the male and female external genitalia

A

Male- glans penis, corpus cavernosum, spongiosum

Female- clitoris and vestibular bulb

32
Q

Urogenital folds become

A

Male- ventral shaft of penis

Female- labia minora

33
Q

Labioscrotal/Genital swelling becomes

A

Scrotum and prepuce

Labia majora

34
Q

The urogenital sinus becomes

A

Male urethra, Cowper, prostate gland

Female urethra, lower vagina, bartholin and skene glands

35
Q

Transverse vaginal septum occurs when this structure fails to develop

A

Urogenital sinus

36
Q

The growth of the labia to normal size requires this hormone

37
Q

Control of gonadal function is mediated by these 2 gonadotropins

38
Q

Release of gonadotropins in males are in this manner

39
Q

Release of gonadotropins in females are in this manner

40
Q

This type of sex is the establishment of gender role, identity and sexual orientation

A

Psychological sex

41
Q

This type of error in sex determination occurs when there is an established defect in gametogenesis where chromosomes fail to separate and both go to one daughter cell during meiosis

A

Nondisjunction

42
Q

Most common type of Nondisjunction that leads to complete absence of one sex chromosome and monosomy

A

Turner syndrome

43
Q

Streaked ovary
Short stature
Shield chest
Coarctation of aorta

A

Turner syndrome

44
Q

Meiotic nondisjunction that leads to testicular atrophy
Eunuchoid body shape
Tall, long extremities
Gynecomastia

A

Klinefelter

45
Q

Genetic males whose target cells lack receptors for testosterone are feminized

Male pseudo hermaphroditism

A

Androgen insensitivity

46
Q

Virilization of XX fetus
Ambiguous genitalia
Adrenal androgen overproduction

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

OB GYN (16 decks)

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