Maternal Nutrition Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Source of energy, promotes weight gain, inadequate intake causes ketosis
Nutritional requirements
300 cal above prepregnancy intake
Breast-feeding increase intake by 500 cal
Protein
Development of maternal/ fetal tissues, energy metabolism, greatest demand in last half of pregnancy, daily requirement 60 g, increase in adolescent pregnancies
Fats
Highly absorbed during pregnancy, Thermo regulation, energy source, recommended 30% daily intake
Zinc
Metabolism, DNA synthesis, fetal growth, Milk production during lactation
Magnesium
Cell metabolism, bone mineralization, sources equal milk, grains, greens, nuts, beans
Iron
Fetal and placental growth, maternal blood volume, prevent anemia equals low birth weight, preterm delivery
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, and K, stored in liver, major complication equals toxicity
Water soluble vitamins
B, C, excreted in urine, fetal stores more than maternal stores
Vitamin A
Carbohydrate and fat metabolism, glucose synthesize station, development of healthy eyes in fetus, supplement recommended only for vegetarians and immigrants – 5000 units
Vitamin D
Absorption of calcium and phosphorus in skeletal development
Vitamin E
Function is antioxidation – healthy cell membrane, tissue healing, nucleic acid for red blood cells in bone marrow, excessive intake – abnormal coagulation in the newborn
Vitamin K
Synthesis of prothrombin clotting factors
Vitamin C
Formation of connective tissue, vascular system
Vitamin B
Cell respiration, glucose oxidation, energy metabolism
