Maternal and Perinatal Mortality

Question 1

Define maternal mortality

Answer 1

-Death while pregnant
OR
-Death within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of site + duration
-From any cause related to/aggravated by pregnancy or its management

Not from accidental or incidental causes

Question 2

Define maternal morbidity

Answer 2

Severe health complications occurring in pregnancy + delivery

Question 3

Define maternal mortality RATIO and RATE

Answer 3

• Ratio, No. of maternal deaths during given time /100,000 livebirths during same time
• Rate, No. of maternal deaths during given time /100,000 women of reproductive age

Question 4

Define lifetime risk of maternal death and proportionate mortality ratio

Answer 4

• Lifetime risk, Probability of maternal death during a woman’s reproductive life, usually expressed in terms of odds.
• Proportionate mortality, Maternal deaths as proportion of ALL female deaths of those at reproductive age (usually 15-49 yrs) in given time period.

Question 5

Difference between maternal mortality ratio and rate

Answer 5

• Ratio, Represents the risk associated with each pregnancy, i.e. the obstetric risk
• Rate, Takes into account not only obstetric risk, but also the frequency with which women are exposed to that risk

Question 6

Define direct, indirect and late deaths

Answer 6

• Direct, Related to obstetric complications during pregnancy, labour or puerperium (6wks) or resulting from any treatment received
• Indirect, A pre-existing disorder which was exacerbated by pregnancy
• Late, Occurs 42-365 days after end of pregnancy

Question 7

3 delays leading to maternal mortality and morbidity

Answer 7

Delay in;

• Decision to seek care
• Reaching care
• Receiving care

Question 8

When do the vast majority of women die, during pregnancy day of labour or puerperium

Answer 8

Day of labour, by a mile

Question 9

3 methods of preventing maternal mortality

Answer 9

-Antenatal care
4 visits, monitor weight blood pressure and proteinuria
Folic acid and vigilant for malaria
-Skilled attendant at birth
-Emergency obstetric care
Active management of 3rd stage, CS, blood transfusion

Question 10

Define stillbirth

Answer 10

Birth of dead baby after 20-28 weeks of gestation or weighing more than 500g

Question 11

Define early and late neonatal death

Answer 11

• Early, death within first week of life

- Late, death within first 28 days

Question 12

Define perinatal, infant and child mortality

Answer 12

• Perinatal, Includes still birth and neonatal mortality
• Infant, Death within first year of life
• Child, Death within first 5 years of life

Question 13

Main cause of stillbirths in developed world

Answer 13

Obesity

Question 14

Main cause of stillbirths in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 14

Malaria

Question 15

Major cause maternal mortality

Answer 15

Heart disease

8.5/100,000 died during pregnancy/puerperium
2/100,000 died during pregnancy//puerperium due to heart disease