Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Complications of Pregnancy 1 > Flashcards

Complications of Pregnancy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a threatened miscarriage

A
  • Viable pregnancy
  • Vaginal bleeding +/- pain
  • Closed cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of an inevitable miscarriage

A
  • Viable pregnancy

- Open cervix with bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of a missed miscarriage (early foetal demise)

A
  • On US gestational sac seen

- No clear foetus (empty gestational sac) or a foetal pole with no foetal hear seen in the gestational sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of an incomplete miscarriage

A
  • Most of pregnancy expelled out some products of pregnancy remaining n uterus
  • Open cervix
  • Vaginal bleeding (may be heavy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Characteristics of a complete miscarriage

A
  • Passed al products of conception (POC)
  • Cervix closed and bleeding has stopped (should ideally have confirmed the POC or should have had a scan previously that confirmed an intrauterine pregnancy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aetiology of a spontaneous miscarriage

A
  • Abnormal conceptus (chromosomal, genetic, structural)
  • Uterine abnormality (congenital, fibroids)
  • Cervical incompetence (primary, secondary)
  • Maternal (increasing age, diabetes)
  • Unkown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Management of a threatened and inevitable miscarriage

A
  • Threatened = conservative

- Inevitable =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management of a threatened and inevitable miscarriage

A
  • Threatened = conservative

- Inevitable = If bleeding is heavy may need to evacuate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Management of a missed or septic miscarriage

A
  • Missed = conservative, medical (prostaglandins e.g. misoprostol), surgical (SMM surgical management of miscarriage)
  • Septic = Antibiotic and evacuate the uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 risk factors for an ectopic pregnancy

A
  • Pelvis inflammatory disease
  • Previous tubal surgery
  • Previous ectopic
  • Assisted conception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy

A
  • Period of amenorrhea (1 or more missed periods), with +ve urine pregnancy test
  • +/- vaginal bleeding
  • +/- Abdo pain
  • +/- GI or urinary symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Investigations to confirm ectopic pregnancy

A
  • US
  • Serum B-hCG levels (may need to serially tack levels
  • Serum progesterone levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would be seen on an Ultrasound scan of an ectopic pregnancy

A
  • No intrauterine gestational sac
  • May see adnexal mass
  • Fluid in pouch of Douglas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Management of an ectopic pregnancy

A
  • Medical = Methotrexate
  • Surgical = Mostly laproscopical salpingectomy/salpingotomy (removal of fallopian tube)
  • Conservative = If pregnancy is small enough it may dissolve by itself
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define antepartum haemorrhage (APH)

A

Haemorrhage from genital tract after 24th week of pregnancy but before delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 causes of antepartum haemorrhage (APH)

A
  • Placenta praevia
  • Placental abruption
  • Local lesions of unknown origin
  • Vasa praevia (very rare)(baby’s blood vessels run near the internal opening for uterus and are at risk of rupture when the membranes rupture)
  • APH of unknown origin
17
Q

Define Placenta Praevia and give 3 risk factors for it

A
  • All or part of the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment
  • Multiparous women
  • Multiple pregnancies
  • Previous caesarean section
18
Q

How is placenta praevia classified

A
  • Grade 1, Placenta encroaching on lower segment but not the internal cervical os
  • Grade 2, Placenta reaches the internal os
  • Grade 3, Placenta eccentrically covers the os
  • Grade 4, Central placenta praevia
19
Q

Presentation of placenta praevia

A
  • Painless PV bleeding
  • Malpresentation of foetus
  • Soft non tender uterus +/-foetal malpresentation
  • Incidental
20
Q

How to diagnose placenta praevia

A

US to locate placental site

21
Q

What must NEVER be done with a suspected placenta praevia

A

Never perform a vaginal exam

22
Q

Management of placenta praevia

A
  • Caesarean section

- Watch for post partum haemorrhage (PPH)

23
Q

Define placental abruption

A

Haemorrhage due to the premature separation of the placenta before birth

24
Q

6 risk factors for placental abruption

A
  • Pre-eclampsia/chronic hypertension
  • Multiple pregnancies
  • Polyhydramnios (excessive amniotic fluid)
  • Smoking, increasing age, parity
  • Previous abruption
  • Cocaine use
25
Q

3 types of placental abruption

A
  • Revealed
  • Concealed
  • Mixed (concealed and revealed)
26
Q

Presentation of placental abruption

A
  • Pain
  • Vaginal bleeding (may be minimal)
  • Increased uterine activity
27
Q

Management for antepartum haemorrhage

A

-Will vary from expectant treatment to attempting vaginal delivery to caesarean section
-Depends on;
Amount of bleeding
Condition of mother + baby
Gestation

28
Q

Complications of placental abruption

A
  • Maternal shock, collapse (may be disproportionate to amount of bleeding seen
  • Foetal Death
  • Maternal DIC(clots form throughout the body), renal failure
  • Postpartum haemorrhage (couvelaire uterus, life-threatening condition causes bleeding penetrates into the uterine myometrium forcing its way into the peritoneal cavity)
29
Q

Define preterm labour

A

Onset of labour before 37 completed weeks of gestation

30
Q

3 categories of preterm labour

A
  • Mildly preterm (32-36 weeks)
  • Very preterm (28-32weeks)
  • Extremely preterm (24-28weeks)
31
Q

Risk factors of preterm labour

A
  • Multiple pregnancies
  • Polyhydramnios
  • APH
  • Pre-eclampsia
  • Infection e.g. UTI
  • Prelabour premature rupture of membranes

Majority no cause (idiopathic)

32
Q

Management of preterm delivery

A
  • Consider possible cause (abruption, infection)
  • <24-26 weeks, Generally regarded as very poor prognosis
    -Cases considered viable;
    Consider tocolysis to allow steroid transfer,
    Steroids unless contraindicated
    Transfer to NICU
    Aim for vaginal delivery
33
Q

Neonatal morbidity resulting from prematurity

A
  • Respiratory distress syndrome
  • Intraventricular haemorrhage
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Temperature control
  • Jaundice
  • Infections
  • Visual impairment and hearing loss

Reproduction (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions