Contraception Flashcards
1
Q
5 methods of female contraception and how common they are
A
- Combined oral contraceptive pill (COC), 25%
- Progestogen-only pill (POP), 5%
- Progestogen-only implants or injectable, 3%
- Intrauterine methods (coil), 6%
- Sterilised, 28%
12% not using contraception despite sexual activity and no wish to become pregnant
2
Q
How effective are most methods of contraception
A
Over 99%, if used consistently and correctly
3
Q
What 2 hormones are in the Combined oral contraceptive pill (COC)
A
- Ethinyl oestradiaol (EE)
- Synthetic Progesterone (progestogen)
4
Q
How is the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) taken
A
- Usually taken for 21 days with a pill free week
- Takes 7 days to “switch off” ovaries
5
Q
How does the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) work
A
- Prevents ovulation
- Alters FSH and LH - no surge
- Prevents implantation by providing an inadequate endometrium
- Inhibits sperm penetration of the cervical mucus by altering quality and character of mucus (?more viscous?)
6
Q
Non-contraceptive benefits of COC
A
- Reduction in heavy menstruation and anaemia
- Reduction in functional ovarian cysts
- 50% reduction in ovarian and endometrial cancer
7
Q
How does Progestogen-only pill work
A
- Cervical mucus is rendered impenetrable by sperm
- Maximum effect ~48hrs after ingestion
- Effect lost if more that 3 hours late
8
Q
Options for emergency contraception
A
- CU-IUD most effective option use within 72hrs of unprotected sex (Levonorgestrel)
- Newer option of Ella one can be used up to 120hrs
- Less effective than ongoing contraception
9
Q
2 types of Abortions
A
- Medical (MTOP)
- Surgical (STOP)
10
Q
What is used in MTOP
A
- Mifepristone (“switches off” pregnancy hormone which prevents the uterus contracting
- 48hrs later prostaglandin initiates uterine contraction which opens the cervix and expels pregnancy
