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OB > MATERNAL ANATOMY > Flashcards

MATERNAL ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

arranged transversely, Pfannensteil incision has superior cosmetic results

A

Langer lines

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2
Q

abnormally wide separation of rectus abdominis muscle

A

Diastesis Recti

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3
Q

maybe lacerated during a maylardincision during muscle transection(rectus sheath hematoma)

A

Inferior EpigastricVessels

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4
Q

can be severed during a low segment incision or entrapped during closure

A

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerve

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5
Q

EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS

A 
❖Mons pubis
❖Clitoris
❖Urinary meatus
❖Labia majora
❖Labia minora
❖Vestibule
❖Bartholin’sglands
❖Periurethralglands
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6
Q

INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS

A 
❖Vagina
❖Uterus
❖Cervix
❖Fallopian Tubes
❖Ovaries
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7
Q

❖Pair of cutaneous folds
❖Pigmented with hair, sweat & sebaceous glands
❖Size related to fat content
❖Homologous to scrotum

A

labia majora

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8
Q

❖Pair of small, red cutaneousfolds
❖Between the labia majora& hymen
❖Fuses anteriorlyto form prepuce of clitoris & inferiorly as its frenulum
❖Dense connective tissue, elastic fibers & sebaceous glands
❖Prominent in children & postmenopausal women

A

labia minora

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9
Q

Lowest portion of urogenital sinus
Cleft between labia minora
From clitoris to the posterior fourchette
Perforated by 6 openings: Orifices of the urethra, vagina, paraurethralglands & ducts of Bartholin’sglands open into it
With numerous small mucinous glands

A

VESTIBULE

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10
Q

❖Membranous conduit for urine from the urinary bladder to the vestibule
❖3.5 to 5 cm in length

A

URETHRA

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11
Q

mucosal lining of Urethra
❖Proximal 2/3
❖Distal 1/3
❖Distal orifice

A

stratified transitional epithelium
stratified squamous
4-6mm with everted mucosa

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12
Q

❖Paraurethral glands
❖Branched, tubular glands adjacent to the distal urethra
❖Parallel to the long axis of urethra
❖Ducts open into the area just outside the urethral orifice
❖Largest of paraurethral glands
❖Homologous to male prostate

A

SKENE’S GLAND

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13
Q 
❖May be infected
❖Chronic infection-one or more urethral diverticula;
❖symptoms like UTI
–Frequency
–Urgency
–Dysuria
A

SKENE’S GLAND

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14
Q

❖Vulvovaginal glands at postero ateral aspect of vaginal opening (4:00 & 8:00)
❖Pea-sized pair of lobulated racemous glands
❖Gland of cuboidal epithelium
❖2 cm long ducts are lined by transitional epithelium
❖Ducts open into a groove between hymen & labia minora

A

BARTHOLIN’S GLAND

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15
Q

labia majora homologues to male

A

scrotum

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16
Q

labia minora

A

penile urethra/ skin of penis

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17
Q

clitoris

A

penis

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18
Q

skene’s glands

A

prostate

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19
Q

Bartholin’s gland

A

Cowper’s gland

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20
Q

vestibular bulbs

A

bulb of penis

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21
Q
  • Most common large cystic structure of the vulva

- Cyst may become infected - May develop into abscess

A

Bartholin’s gland cyst

22
Q

❖Perforated membrane at the entrance of the vagina
❖Variations in structure & shape
❖Stratified squamous epithelium, fibrous tissue & few small blood vessels

A

HYMEN

23
Q

small tags/ nodules of firm fibrous material as remnants in the adult

A

Carunculae myrtiformes in Hymen

24
Q

❖Thin-walled, distensible, fibromuscular tube
❖Rugae
❖fornices

A

VAGINA

25
Q

pelvic support for middle 3rd of Vagina

A

levator ani muscles and lower portion of the cardinal ligaments

26
Q

pelvic support for upper 3rd of Vagina

A

upper portions of the cardinal ligaments

27
Q

blood supply of PROXIMAL PORTION of vagina

A

Vaginal artery-directly from uterine a. or as a branch of the internal iliac artery with anastomosis to cervical branch of uterine artery to form the azygous artery

28
Q

blood supply of POSTERIOR PORTION of vagina

A

middle rectal artery

29
Q

blood supply of DISTAL WALLS of vagina

A

internal pudendal artery

30
Q

lymphatic drainage of VAGINA
UPPER 1/3
MIDDLE 2/3
LOWER 3RD

A
  • external, internal and common iliac nodes
  • internal iliac nodes
  • inguinal lymph nodes
31
Q

❖Thick-walled, hollow, muscular organ

❖Inverted pear

A

UTERUS

32
Q

lower uterine segment

A

Isthmus

33
Q

dome-shaped top of uterus

A

Fundus

34
Q

❖From the Latin word for neck
❖Shape: cylindrical to conical
❖Consist of fibrous tissue

A

CERVIX

35
Q

cervix in nulliparous

A

Small, regular, oval opening

36
Q

cervix in parous

A

the orifice is converted into a transverse slit that is divided into anterior and posterior lip

37
Q

endocervical canal and glandular structures epithelium

A

single layer of columnar epithelium

38
Q

ectocervix epithelium

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous

39
Q

In early pregnancy, cervix is vascular and edematous which produces blue tint and softening characteristics called

A

Chadwick and Hegar signs

40
Q

Rests in the ovarian fossa of waldeyer

A

OVARIES

41
Q

ovarian surface epithelium

A

single layer of cuboida lepithelium -> germinal epithelium

42
Q

ovarian histology

A

Outer cortex

Inner medulla

43
Q

Extend 8-14 cm from the uterine serosa

A

FALLOPIAN TUBES

44
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBES
artery
vein
lymphatic

A

Arterial: terminal branches of the uterine and ovarian arteries
Venous: runs parallel to the arterial supply
Lymphatic: internal iliac and aortic node

45
Q

majority of Ectopic pregnancies occur in

A

FT

46
Q

in ectopic pregnancies, catastrophic bleeding occurs when the implantation site is in WHAT SEGMENT of the tube

A

intramural segment of the tube

47
Q

in female sterilization, where is the preferred site to apply clip

A

isthmic segment

48
Q

pelvic ligaments

A

uterosacral
round
cardinal

49
Q

Important anastomoses of uterine and vaginal venous plexuses

A
  1. Superior rectal v. –> Inferior mesenteric v. –> Portal circulation
  2. Lateral sacral v. –> Perivertebral plexus venous –> sinuses of the brain
50
Q

PELVIC INNERVATION arises from what level

A

T10 - S4

51
Q

innervates the uterus; this actually the level of the spinal cord which is blocked during epidural anesthesia so that the mother would not feel any pain during labor contractions

A

T10 –L1

52
Q

innervates the cervix, vagina and the vulva

A

S2 –S4

OB (9 decks)

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