Maternal Anatomy Flashcards
Layers of Anterior Abd Wall
Skin
Camper’s /Fatty
Scarpa/Membranous
Muscles
Blood supply of Skin
Superficial epigastric artery
Blood supply of Muscle
Deep/Inferior epigastric artery
Blood supply of Subcutaneous
Superficial epigastric artery
Blood supply of Fascia
Deep/Inferior epigastric artery
Blood supply of Mons Pubis
Superficial epigastric artery
Male Homologue of Labia Minora
Penile urethra, skin of penis
Male Homologue of Labia Majora
Scrotum
Male Homologue of Clitoris
Penis
Male Homologue of Skene’s Gland
Prostate Gland
Male Homologue of Bartholin Gland
Cowper Gland
Parts of Vulva
Mons Pubis/Veneris Labia Majora Labia Minora Clitoris Hymen Vestibule
Borders of Vulva
Superior: Mons Pubis
Lateral: Labiocrural fold
Inferior: Perinial body
Six Openings of Vestibule
Urethra
Vagina
Two Bartholin Ducts (5&7 o clock)
2 Skene’s Gland (Parauretheral)
How is Bartholin Duct Cysts surgically managed?
Marsupialization
Urogenital Triangle (Anterior triangle) Boundaries
Tip: Pubis Symphysis
Lateral: Ischiopubic rami
Ischial tuberosities
Anal Triangle (Posterior triangle) Boundaries
Tip: Coccyx
Lateral: Sacrotuberous ligaments
Ischial tuberosities
Superficial Space of the anterior Triangle contains
Bartholin Glands Vestibular bulbs (Veins) Clitoral body and crura Pudendal vessels and nerves Ischiocavernous muscle Bulbocavernous muscle Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Deep space of the Ant. Triangle
Compressor urethrae muscles
Urethrovaginal sphincter muscles
Posterior Triangle
Ischioanal fossae
Anal canal
Anal sphincter complex
Puborectalis muscle
Innervation and blood supply of internal anal sphincter
N: Pelvic Splanchnic nerve
A: Superior, Middle and inferior rectal arteries
Innervation and blood supply of external anal sphincter
N: Inferior branch of pudendal nerve
A: Inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal artery)
Proximity of external hemorrhoids from pectinate line
Distal
Proximity of internal hemorrhoids from pectinate line
Proximal
Components of Pelvic Diaphragm
Levator Ani
Coccygeus
Parts of Levator ani
Pubococcygeus/Pubovisceral
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus
Parts of Pubococcygeys/Pubovisceral
Pubovaginalis
Puboperinaelis
Puboanalis
Components of the Striated Urogentital Sphincter Complex
Sphincter urethrae
Compressor urethrae
Urethrovaginal urethrae
Uterine blood supply
Ovarian & Uterine artery
Vaginal blood supply in the proximal portion
Vaginal and uterine artery
Vaginal blood supply in the posterior vaginal wall
Middle rectal artery
Vaginal blood supply in the distal portion
Internal pudendal artery
How can you locate the ovaries intraoperatively or during UTZ?
Locate the internal iliac vessels and check the middle part; this is where the ovaries are located
What can be cut if uterine arteries are ligated?
Ureter
What ligaments are considered as main support of the uterus?
Cardinal/Transverse cervical/Mackenrodt Ligament and Uterosacral ligament
What is performed of pelvic organ prolapse
Uterosacral ligament fixation
Male homologue of Broad ligament
Gubernaculum testis
Structures of Broad Ligament
Uterine tube/Mesosalpinx
Ureter
Ovarian ligament/Mesovarium
Round ligaments
Uterine blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves
Ovarian blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves
Parametrium
Where can you find the mesosalpinx
Around fallopian tube
Where can you find the mesoteres
Around round ligament
Where can you find the mesovarium
Over the uteroovarian ligament
Where can you find the parametrium
Connective tissue lateral to the uterus within the broad ligament
Where can you find the paracervical tissues
Lateral to the cervix
Where can you find the paracolpium
Lateral to the vagina
PArts of the true pelvis
Pelvic inlet
Midpelvis
Pelvic outlet
Arteries entering the true pelvis
Medial sacral artery
Internal iliac artery
Superior rectal artery
Ovarian artery
Embryological structure Labioscrotal swelling turns into (female and male)
Male: Scrotum
Female: Labia majora
Embryological structure urogenital folds turns into (female and male)
Male: Ventral portion of the penis
Female: Labia minora
Embryological structure genital tubercle turns into (female and male)
Male: Penis
Female: Clitoris
Embryological structure urogenital sinus turns into (female and male)
M - F
>Urinary Bladder
>Prostate gland-Uretheral and Parauretheral glands
>Prostatic utricle - Vagina
>Bulbourethral glands-Greater vestibular glands
>Seminal colliculus-Hymen
Embryological structure paramesonephric duct turns into (female and male)
M: Appendix of testes
F: Hydatid of Morgagni, Uterus and cervix, fallopian tubes, upper 1/4 of the vagina
Embryological structure mesonephric duct turns into (female and male)
M - F
>Appendix of epidydymis - Appendix of vesiculosis
> Ductus of epididymis - Duct of epoophoron
> Ductus deferens, Ejaculatory duct, Seminal Vesicle - Gartner’s duct
Embryological structure metanephric duct ureteric bud turns into (female and male)
Ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, collecting system
Embryological structure metanephric mesenchyme turns into (female and male)
Glomerulus, Renal Collecting Tubules
Embryological structure undifferentiated gonad turns into (male-female)
Testes-Ovary
Embryological structure cortex turns into (male-female)
Seminiferous tubules-Ovarian follicles
Embryological structure medulla turns into (male-female)
Rete Testis - Rete Ovarii
Embryological structure gubernaculum turns into (male-female)
Gubernaculum testis - Round ligament of uterus
Where does the round ligaments terminate at the their upper brders?
Labia majora
When an abdominal hemorrhage from the perineum extend to the superficial abdominal wall, what layer is affected? *
a. Fascia
b. Musculoaponeurotic rectus sheath
c. Subcutaneous layer
d. Transversalis muscle
C
Which vessels are commonly transected when performing a Pfannensteil incision?
a. Deep circumflex vessels
b. Inferior epigastric vessels
c. Superficial circumflex vessels
d. Superficial epigastric vessels
D
A 5-year-old female was brought in for consultation due to a bulging mass at the inguinal area. Which among the following statements regarding hernias is incorrect? *
a. The Hesselbach triangle is the anatomic landmark used to classify hernias.
b. The inferior epigastric artery is the medial boundary of the Hesselbach triangle.
c. The inguinal ligament is the inferior border of the Hesselbach triangle.
d. The boundaries of the Hesselbach triangle are the rectus abdominis muscle, inguinal ligament and inferior epigastric vessels.
B
Lateral – Inferior epigastric vessel
Inferior – Inguinal ligament
Medial – Lateral border of rectus abdominis
What is the landmark for the pudendal nerve block? *
a. Linea terminalis
b. Ischial spines
c. Ischial tuberosities
d. Sacral promontory
B
Which of the following is/are the correct pairing? *
a. Bartholin’s Gland – Prostatic Gland
b. Labia Majora – Scrotum
c. Mullerian Duct – Round Ligament
d. Skene’s Gland – Cowper’s Gland
B
Following a right mediolateral episiotomy, you noted a vulvar hematoma in the right labia extending to the right gluteal area. The hematoma was confined to the lower third of the vagina. Which vessels are most likely involved? *
a. Cervicovaginal branch of the uterine artery
b. Inferior vesical artery and vaginal artery
c. Internal pudendal artery and inferior vesical artery
d. Internal pudendal artery and middle rectal artery
D
Lacerated in Maylard incision
a. Deep epigastric artery
b. Superficial epigastric artery
c. Superficial circumflex artery
d. NOTA
A
In performing sterilization operation, which structure aids in the identification of the fallopian tubes? *
a. Cardinal ligament
b. Round ligament
c. Mackenrodt ligament
d. Broad ligament
D
Muscle injured in a 2nd degree episiotomy *
a. Superficial transverse perineal muscle
b. Ischiocavernosus
c. Levator ani
d. NOTA
A
Location of Bartholin glands
a. 5 and 7 o’clock
b. 4 and 8 o’clock
c. 3 and 6 o’clock
d. 2 and 10 o’clock
A
