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OB-Gyn > Maternal Anatomy > Flashcards

Maternal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of Anterior Abd Wall

A

Skin
Camper’s /Fatty
Scarpa/Membranous
Muscles

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2
Q

Blood supply of Skin

A

Superficial epigastric artery

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3
Q

Blood supply of Muscle

A

Deep/Inferior epigastric artery

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4
Q

Blood supply of Subcutaneous

A

Superficial epigastric artery

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5
Q

Blood supply of Fascia

A

Deep/Inferior epigastric artery

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6
Q

Blood supply of Mons Pubis

A

Superficial epigastric artery

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7
Q

Male Homologue of Labia Minora

A

Penile urethra, skin of penis

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8
Q

Male Homologue of Labia Majora

A

Scrotum

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9
Q

Male Homologue of Clitoris

A

Penis

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10
Q

Male Homologue of Skene’s Gland

A

Prostate Gland

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11
Q

Male Homologue of Bartholin Gland

A

Cowper Gland

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12
Q

Parts of Vulva

A 
Mons Pubis/Veneris
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Clitoris
Hymen
Vestibule
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13
Q

Borders of Vulva

A

Superior: Mons Pubis
Lateral: Labiocrural fold
Inferior: Perinial body

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14
Q

Six Openings of Vestibule

A

Urethra
Vagina
Two Bartholin Ducts (5&7 o clock)
2 Skene’s Gland (Parauretheral)

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15
Q

How is Bartholin Duct Cysts surgically managed?

A

Marsupialization

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16
Q

Urogenital Triangle (Anterior triangle) Boundaries

A

Tip: Pubis Symphysis
Lateral: Ischiopubic rami
Ischial tuberosities

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17
Q

Anal Triangle (Posterior triangle) Boundaries

A

Tip: Coccyx
Lateral: Sacrotuberous ligaments
Ischial tuberosities

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18
Q

Superficial Space of the anterior Triangle contains

A 
Bartholin Glands
Vestibular bulbs (Veins)
Clitoral body and crura
Pudendal vessels and nerves
Ischiocavernous muscle
Bulbocavernous muscle
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
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19
Q

Deep space of the Ant. Triangle

A

Compressor urethrae muscles

Urethrovaginal sphincter muscles

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20
Q

Posterior Triangle

A

Ischioanal fossae
Anal canal
Anal sphincter complex
Puborectalis muscle

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21
Q

Innervation and blood supply of internal anal sphincter

A

N: Pelvic Splanchnic nerve
A: Superior, Middle and inferior rectal arteries

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22
Q

Innervation and blood supply of external anal sphincter

A

N: Inferior branch of pudendal nerve
A: Inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal artery)

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23
Q

Proximity of external hemorrhoids from pectinate line

A

Distal

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24
Q

Proximity of internal hemorrhoids from pectinate line

A

Proximal

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25
Q

Components of Pelvic Diaphragm

A

Levator Ani

Coccygeus

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26
Q

Parts of Levator ani

A

Pubococcygeus/Pubovisceral
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus

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27
Q

Parts of Pubococcygeys/Pubovisceral

A

Pubovaginalis
Puboperinaelis
Puboanalis

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28
Q

Components of the Striated Urogentital Sphincter Complex

A

Sphincter urethrae
Compressor urethrae
Urethrovaginal urethrae

29
Q

Uterine blood supply

A

Ovarian & Uterine artery

30
Q

Vaginal blood supply in the proximal portion

A

Vaginal and uterine artery

31
Q

Vaginal blood supply in the posterior vaginal wall

A

Middle rectal artery

32
Q

Vaginal blood supply in the distal portion

A

Internal pudendal artery

33
Q

How can you locate the ovaries intraoperatively or during UTZ?

A

Locate the internal iliac vessels and check the middle part; this is where the ovaries are located

34
Q

What can be cut if uterine arteries are ligated?

A

Ureter

35
Q

What ligaments are considered as main support of the uterus?

A

Cardinal/Transverse cervical/Mackenrodt Ligament and Uterosacral ligament

36
Q

What is performed of pelvic organ prolapse

A

Uterosacral ligament fixation

37
Q

Male homologue of Broad ligament

A

Gubernaculum testis

38
Q

Structures of Broad Ligament

A

Uterine tube/Mesosalpinx
Ureter
Ovarian ligament/Mesovarium
Round ligaments
Uterine blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves
Ovarian blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves
Parametrium

39
Q

Where can you find the mesosalpinx

A

Around fallopian tube

40
Q

Where can you find the mesoteres

A

Around round ligament

41
Q

Where can you find the mesovarium

A

Over the uteroovarian ligament

42
Q

Where can you find the parametrium

A

Connective tissue lateral to the uterus within the broad ligament

43
Q

Where can you find the paracervical tissues

A

Lateral to the cervix

44
Q

Where can you find the paracolpium

A

Lateral to the vagina

45
Q

PArts of the true pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet
Midpelvis
Pelvic outlet

46
Q

Arteries entering the true pelvis

A

Medial sacral artery
Internal iliac artery
Superior rectal artery
Ovarian artery

47
Q

Embryological structure Labioscrotal swelling turns into (female and male)

A

Male: Scrotum
Female: Labia majora

48
Q

Embryological structure urogenital folds turns into (female and male)

A

Male: Ventral portion of the penis
Female: Labia minora

49
Q

Embryological structure genital tubercle turns into (female and male)

A

Male: Penis
Female: Clitoris

50
Q

Embryological structure urogenital sinus turns into (female and male)

A

M - F
>Urinary Bladder
>Prostate gland-Uretheral and Parauretheral glands
>Prostatic utricle - Vagina
>Bulbourethral glands-Greater vestibular glands
>Seminal colliculus-Hymen

51
Q

Embryological structure paramesonephric duct turns into (female and male)

A

M: Appendix of testes
F: Hydatid of Morgagni, Uterus and cervix, fallopian tubes, upper 1/4 of the vagina

52
Q

Embryological structure mesonephric duct turns into (female and male)

A

M - F
>Appendix of epidydymis - Appendix of vesiculosis
> Ductus of epididymis - Duct of epoophoron
> Ductus deferens, Ejaculatory duct, Seminal Vesicle - Gartner’s duct

53
Q

Embryological structure metanephric duct ureteric bud turns into (female and male)

A

Ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, collecting system

54
Q

Embryological structure metanephric mesenchyme turns into (female and male)

A

Glomerulus, Renal Collecting Tubules

55
Q

Embryological structure undifferentiated gonad turns into (male-female)

A

Testes-Ovary

56
Q

Embryological structure cortex turns into (male-female)

A

Seminiferous tubules-Ovarian follicles

57
Q

Embryological structure medulla turns into (male-female)

A

Rete Testis - Rete Ovarii

58
Q

Embryological structure gubernaculum turns into (male-female)

A

Gubernaculum testis - Round ligament of uterus

59
Q

Where does the round ligaments terminate at the their upper brders?

A

Labia majora

60
Q

When an abdominal hemorrhage from the perineum extend to the superficial abdominal wall, what layer is affected? *

a. Fascia
b. Musculoaponeurotic rectus sheath
c. Subcutaneous layer
d. Transversalis muscle

A

C

61
Q

Which vessels are commonly transected when performing a Pfannensteil incision?

a. Deep circumflex vessels
b. Inferior epigastric vessels
c. Superficial circumflex vessels
d. Superficial epigastric vessels

A

D

62
Q

A 5-year-old female was brought in for consultation due to a bulging mass at the inguinal area. Which among the following statements regarding hernias is incorrect? *

a. The Hesselbach triangle is the anatomic landmark used to classify hernias.
b. The inferior epigastric artery is the medial boundary of the Hesselbach triangle.
c. The inguinal ligament is the inferior border of the Hesselbach triangle.
d. The boundaries of the Hesselbach triangle are the rectus abdominis muscle, inguinal ligament and inferior epigastric vessels.

A

B
Lateral – Inferior epigastric vessel
Inferior – Inguinal ligament
Medial – Lateral border of rectus abdominis

63
Q

What is the landmark for the pudendal nerve block? *

a. Linea terminalis
b. Ischial spines
c. Ischial tuberosities
d. Sacral promontory

A

B

64
Q

Which of the following is/are the correct pairing? *

a. Bartholin’s Gland – Prostatic Gland
b. Labia Majora – Scrotum
c. Mullerian Duct – Round Ligament
d. Skene’s Gland – Cowper’s Gland

A

B

65
Q

Following a right mediolateral episiotomy, you noted a vulvar hematoma in the right labia extending to the right gluteal area. The hematoma was confined to the lower third of the vagina. Which vessels are most likely involved? *

a. Cervicovaginal branch of the uterine artery
b. Inferior vesical artery and vaginal artery
c. Internal pudendal artery and inferior vesical artery
d. Internal pudendal artery and middle rectal artery

A

D

66
Q

Lacerated in Maylard incision

a. Deep epigastric artery
b. Superficial epigastric artery
c. Superficial circumflex artery
d. NOTA

A

A

67
Q

In performing sterilization operation, which structure aids in the identification of the fallopian tubes? *

a. Cardinal ligament
b. Round ligament
c. Mackenrodt ligament
d. Broad ligament

A

D

68
Q

Muscle injured in a 2nd degree episiotomy *

a. Superficial transverse perineal muscle
b. Ischiocavernosus
c. Levator ani
d. NOTA

A

A

69
Q

Location of Bartholin glands

a. 5 and 7 o’clock
b. 4 and 8 o’clock
c. 3 and 6 o’clock
d. 2 and 10 o’clock

A

A

OB-Gyn (7 decks)

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