Materials (X01-X03) Preconditions Flashcards
What does the Materials concept aim to do?
to reduce human exposure to chemicals that may impact health during the construction, remodeling, furnishing, and operation of buildings.
What is bioaccumulation?
the accumulation of substances in an organism, which typically occurs when the rate of absorption is higher than the breakdown or excretion.
Commonly used in building materials and products, these chemicals have a much longer use phase, typically toxic, persistent and prone to ____.
bioaccumulation
List the name of legacy chemicals.
lead asbestos mercury chromated copper arsenate (CCA) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Lead exposure accounted for how many deaths in 2017?
one million
Where is CCA found/formerly used?
a biocide formerly used in outdoor wood structures that leach arsenic and preservative components into the soil where children are exposed.
List the name of chemicals still used today and often used in products because of their superior performance.
- PFCs (perfluorinated alkyl compounds)
- orthophthalats
- heavy metals
- HFRs (halogenated flame retardants)
There are many materials used with VOCs (volatile organic compounds) so the WELL Materials concept encourages the use of such products to be tested for low emissions.
Name the products in which these chemicals are found and the health outcomes:
- insulation
- paints
- coatings
- adhesives
- furniture and furnishings
- composite wood products
- flooring materials
These can affect respiratory health and increase cancer risks.
What are 2 strategies used for selecting building materials and products and what are their aims?
- increase literacy on materials bu promoting ingredient disclosure
- promote assessment and optimization of product composition
These strategies aim to bridge gaps in the supply chain, supporting green chemistry innovation, and healthy market transformation.
List other promotion goals of the Materials Concept:
- low hazard cleaning products and practices
- safe management for waste
- low hazard pesticides, signage, application
What is the threshold restriction for asbestos?
X01 Material Restrictions
does not contain over 1,000 ppm by weight or area.
What 9 newly installed or applied products are tested for asbestos?
X01 Material Restrictions
- thermal protection (e.g. insulation)
- acoustic treatments
- sheathing
- roofing and siding
- fire and smoke protection
- joint protection
- plaster and gypsum
- ceiling
- resilient flooring
What is the range of max mercury content for fluorescent lamps?
For high-pressure sodium lamps that are 400W or less and lamps that are more than 400W?
X01 Material Restrictions
2.5 mg - 10 mg
10 mg (<400W) 32 mg (>400W)
Newly installed fire alarms, meters, sensors, etc. meet one of the following to restrict mercury:
X01 Material Restrictions
- RoHS (restriction of hazard substances)
2. <0.1% (1000 ppm) of mercury by weight
List the threshold concentration requirement to restrict Lead in paint for your project.
X01 Material Restrictions
Products contain no more than 0.01% (100 ppm) of lead by weight.
List the threshold concentration requirement to restrict Lead in drinking water, fittings, and solder for your project.
X01 Material Restrictions
has a weighted wetted average of 0.25% of lead or less, verified by a third party,
or is labeled as ANSI/NSF 372-compliant
verified by Letter of Assurance by Engineer
Asbestos is a known toxicant and carcinogen. The chemical accounts for how many deaths annually and is the main cause for what type of cancer?
X02 Interior Hazardous Material Mgmt
200,000 deaths
mesothelioma
Which hazardous building material is banned worldwide due to bioaccumulation in foods and carcinogenicity?
X02
PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)
used in calked and electrical equipment.
Describe Option 1 for existing buildings that were constructed or renovated before such laws banning asbestos-containing materials occurred:
X02
Asbestos risk assessment and remediation for All Spaces:
- an investigation by qualified pros by having (a) list and (b) PLM or TEM testing
- action plan if found
Describe Option 1 for detecting any lead-based hazardous paint, dust, and soil onsite:
X02
- onsite investigation
a. an inventory of potential sources where lead may be present by qualified pros
b. confirmation of lead hazards through test results: XRF (x-ray fluorescence) or lab analysis
2. action plan if found
Describe Option 1 for PCB remediation for existing buildings constructed or renovated prior to laws banning (incl. caulking, fluorescent light ballasts and capacitors of appliances fabricated before 1980):
X02
- inspection strategy
a. determine possible locactions
b. analysis following protocols - action plan if found
When was the application of CCA /chromate copper arsenate (or pressure-treated wood) restricted due to health concerns?
X03 CCA and Lead Mgmt
in the 2000s
What are methods can you identify CCA-containing wood?
X03
- inspection of purchase records
- determination of whether legal bans for CCA apply
- testing for presence of arsenic in wood or soil bearing the wooden structures
How do you ADDRESS CCA-containing wood?
X03
- dispose of CCA-containing wood following applicable laws… without burning or wood chipping!
- treat with penetrating, oil-based, semi-transparent stains that prevent arsenic leaching as recommended by manufacturer
Verified by professional narrative
To test for lead hazards, how much of the top layer of soil do you need?
X03
0.6 inches of ALL existing outdoor bare soil (not covered by grass, vegetation etc.)
What happens if a lead sample of soil surpasses ___ limit by weight?
X03
400 ppm
a second set of samples is taken at 6 in, 12 in, 18 in, and 24 in deep.
If any of these are above the 400 ppm by weight, soil must be replaced to the extent of the deepest sample above this threshold.
How do you test artificial turf fibers for lead and what is the threshold?
X03
- test sample of turf fibers
- if greater than 136 mg/lb, perform dust-wipe testing per EPA, ISO (or equiv.) to determine surface dust-lead loading
- if total lead loading is greater than 40 µg sqft, replace turf with one that has less than the above threshold of 136mg/lb
How do you test loose-filled rubber from recycled tre for lead and what is the threshold?
X03
- test sample of loose-fill rubber
2. if lead loadings show greater than 136 mg/lb, replace the rubber
How do you test paint for old existing playground equipment for lead and what is the threshold?
X03
- assess the integrity and age of paint. If paint is cracked, peeled, or chipped, collect a sample following WHO guidelines.
- if lead concentration is over 90 ppm, removal must be performed by a specialist
If your project does not have any of the applicable testing requirements (exiting post-construction bare soil, artificial turf, loose-filled rubber from recycled tire, paint on existing playground), then what form of VERIFICATION must be provided?
letter of assurance from the owner
