Materials Revolution

Question 1

Amino group

Answer 1

NH2

Question 2

Ammonia =

Answer 2

NH3

Question 3

Three main amine properties -

Answer 3

Bases, nucleophile and Ligands

Question 4

Naming amines
CH3NH2 =
C6H5NH2 =
CH3CH2CH2NH2

Answer 4

Methyl amine
Phenyl amine
Propyl amine

Long chained amines can be ‘amino’‘pentane’ for eg

Question 5

Aryl group =

Answer 5

Benzene with H substituted

Eg C6H5 phenyl

Question 6

Nucleophile

Answer 6

Electron pair donor

Question 7

Primary amines + halogenoalkanes

Answer 7

secondary amines (alkylation reaction)

Question 8

Amines + acyl chlorides

Answer 8

Acyl action reaction = secondary amide

Question 9

Primary amide

Answer 9

R- C=O

- NH2

Question 10

Secondary amide

Answer 10

R’- C=O

    - N-H
       - R

Question 11

Hydrolysis of amides

Answer 11

C-N bond breaks
Acid = Carboxylic acid and a substituted ammonium ion

Alkaline = amine and carboxylate anion

Question 12

Polyesters - condensation reaction between

Answer 12

Diols and diCarboxylic acids

Question 13

Polyamides condensation reaction between

Answer 13

Diamines and diCarboxylic acids

Question 14

Crystalline regions

Answer 14

Highly ordered chains

Question 15

Amorphous regions

Answer 15

Randomly arranged chains

Question 16

Intermolecular bonds for nylon

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonding

Question 17

Polyester chains intermolecular bonds

Answer 17

Pd-pd

Question 18

Ways to modify polymers

Answer 18

Coldrawing- aligns chains
Copolymerisation - introducing monomers with large side groups (lowers Tg)
Plasticizers - molecules sit between chains. Also lowers Tg

Question 19

Alternatives to burial of plastics

Answer 19

Recycling - re moulding (if copolymer)
Cracking back to Original monomer
Degradable plastics - bio polymers, biodegradable plastics. Photodegradable

Burn to release energy

Question 20

Producing metal how to reduce CO2

Answer 20

Use scrap as raw

Question 21

Life cycle assessment for carbon emissions is known as

Answer 21

Cradle-to-grave