Materials Of The Solid Earth Flashcards
What is a rock cycle? And what are the three main types of Rock?
The rock cycle is a series of processes that transform one rock type into another.
Igneous- sedimentary and Metamorphic
What are the Basic Cycle?
Magma: Crystallization above or below ground to form igneous rock.
Lithification: conversion of sediment through compaction and crystallization by groundwater to form sedimentary rock.
Mathmorphism: change due to high temperatures and pressure below ground form metamorphic rock.
What is an Alternative Path?
Rocks can take various routes through the rock cycle,including direct transformations from igneous to metamorphic.
What is the earth internal heat and External processes?
Earth internal heat: is the responsible for igneous and metamorphic rock formation
External Processes: powered by the sun create sedimentary rock through weathering and erosion
How are igneous rock are form?
They are form as magma or lava cools and crystallize.
What is Extrusive and intrusive Rock?
Extrusive rock: are formed on the surface of earth.
Intrusive rock: are formed inside earth
What is magma composition, crystallization and how are crystal size determined?
Magma: are molten rock composed of of ions of delicate minerals, mainly silicon and oxygen.
Crystallization: as magma cools, mobile ions organize into orderly patterns.
Crystals size are determined by the cooling rate(fast cool mean small crystal and slow cooling mean large crystal)
What can igneous texture tell us?
Texture describes mineral grain size, shape and arrangement in rock.
What is the Bowen’s reaction series?
Explain the other of mineral crystallization in terms of temperature.
What is Magmatic differentiation?
It is the process in which minerals within a magma selectively remove certain chemicals elements from the molten rock.
How are sedimentary rocks are formed?
Compacted and cemented
What are detrital Sedimentary rock?
Is it Solid particle formed from weathering rock.
What is the cause of Chemical sedimentary rock?
It is the result form the precipitation of dissolved minerals and the evaporation of water.
What are biochemical sedimentary rock?
They are indirectly form by water-dwelling organisms that extract minerals to build structures.
What is the formation of coal?
Occurs through the accumulation of plant remains in oxygen deprived environments (swamp) transforming over time due to heat and pressure.
