Chapter 5

Question 1

What is an Earthquake?

Answer 1

Ground shaking of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy from the slipping of crustal blocks along faults.

Question 2

What are seismic waves?

Answer 2

A form of energy that travels through the Earth, released during an earthquake.

Question 3

What is the hypocenter (focus)?

Answer 3

Location within Earth where rock displacement or movement along a fault occurs - source from which energy radiates.

Question 4

What is the epicenter?

Answer 4

Point on Earth’s surface directly above the hypocenter.

Question 5

Where do most large earthquakes occur?

Answer 5

Along faults associated with tectonic plate boundaries.

Question 6

What does earthquake preceded?

Answer 6

Earthquake are produced by foreshock and followed by aftershocks.

Question 7

What is the foreshock and Aftershock?

Answer 7

The foreshock is an Earthquake with lesser magnitude occur before a major earthquake and it also served as a warning.

Aftershock is an earthquakes of lesser of magnitude, occurs after a major earthquake.

Question 8

What does convergent & Divergent boundaries produce?

Answer 8

Convergent produces some of the largest earthquake.

Divergent generate small earthquake.

Question 9

What is a thrust Fault?

Answer 9

IT is when the up-thrown block overrides the down-thrown block at a low angle.

Question 10

What is a Megathrust Fault?

Answer 10

Is a convergent plate boundary between a sub-ducting slab of oceanic lithosphere or oceanic plate.

Question 11

What is the Reverse Faults?

Answer 11

Develop front the compressional stress, movement along the fault is usually vertical.

Question 12

What is the seismology and seismograph?

Answer 12

Seismology is the study of earthquake waves.

Seismograph is the instrument used to record earthquake waves.

Question 13

Where does Body & surface waves travel around the Earth?

Answer 13

Body waves travel in the Earth’s interior.

Surface waves travels along the outer part of the earth.

Question 14

Body waves is separated into 2 waves:
P waves and S waves which mean Primary and Secondary,explain P waves in detail ?

Answer 14

P waves are Push, Pull, or expand and compress rocks in the direction.
P waves can travel through solids, liquids and gases.
P waves have greatest velocity of all earthquakes waves.

Question 15

Body waves is separated into 2 waves:
P waves and S waves which mean Primary and Secondary,explain S waves in detail ?

Answer 15

S waves shake
S waves travel only through solids
S waves have slower velocity

Question 16

What is Surface waves?

Answer 16

Surface waves have complex motion.
Surface have a the slowest velocity of all waves.
Surface waves have the greatest amplitude.
Surface waves have the greatest destruction earthquake.

Question 17

What the modified Mercalli intensity scale?

Answer 17

The midfield Mercalli intensity scale measures the intensity of earthquake.

Question 18

What is a magnitude?

Answer 18

Magnitude is an estimate measure of the amount of energy released at an earthquake’s source obtained form seismograph.

Question 19

What is the moment magnitude?

Answer 19

It is the correctly estimated the size of medium to large earthquakes.

Question 20

What are the factors that determine structure damage?

Answer 20

Intensity of the earthquake-intensity of the vibration.
Duration of the vibration.
The nature of the group underneath human-made structures.
The nature of building materials and construction practices in the region.

Question 21

Where do most earthquakes occur?

Answer 21

Circum pacific belt

Alphonse-Himalayan Belt

Question 22

What is the circum -Pacific and Alpine-Himalayan Belt?

Answer 22

Circum-pacific Belt is the zone of greatest seismic activity.

Alpine-Himalayan Belt is another major area of strong seismic activity.

Question 23

What is complex wave behavior and impact of stiffness and compressibility?

Answer 23

Complex wave behavior helps identify boundaries within earth’s interior.

Impact of stiffness and compressibility aid in interpreting rock composition and temperature.

Question 24

What is the difference between the Inner outer core?

Answer 24

The inner core composed of iron elements.

The outer core composed of metallic iron with smaller amounts of nickel and lighter elements.

Question 25

What is the difference between the Inner outer core?

Answer 25

The inner core composed of iron elements.

The outer core composed of metallic iron with smaller amounts of nickel and lighter elements.

Question 26

What is the mantle? And where does the lithosphere & asthenosphere located?

Answer 26

The mantle is the solid, rocky shell that extends to the depth of 2900km.

Lithosphere: includes the earth’s crust and uppermost mantle

Asthenosphere: located within the mantle.

Question 27

What is the earth crust ?

Answer 27

A thin, rocky outer layer.