Materials of Design and Decoration Flashcards
A tall chest with many drawers
Highboy
It is also known as a torch lamp or floor lamp, is a lamp with a tall stand of wood or metal
Torchières
Any of various techniques intended to imitate natural materials, such as wood graining and marbleizing; the term is often used for any decorative painted finish.
Faux finish
A compound that inhibits, suppresses, or delays the production of flames to prevent the spread of fire
Flame retardant chemical
A plain weave cotton textile with a decorative printed pattern, usually glazed.
Chintz
The panes or sheets of glass or other transparent material made to be set in frames, as in windows, doors, or mirrors.
Glazing
Annealed glass reheated and cooled to increase its resistance to impact and thermal stresses; it breaks into small cubical pieces.
Tempered Glass
A short, ornamental piece of drapery placed across the top of a window; also a horizontal board or band used to conceal lighting.
Valance
Invented by Louis Comfort Tiffany of New York who is internationally recognized as one of the greatest forces of the Art Nouveau style. It is an iridescent glass of great brilliance and luster with flowing shapes. Stained glass windows.
Tiffany Glass
Resembling glass in transparency, hardness, brittleness, luster, or imperviousness.
Vitreous
A cross composed of four equal L-shaped arms at right angles to each other. It is an ancient symbol of good luck. It was often used in the classic Greek and Roman times as part of a fret or Greek key design.
Swastika
A crosspiece separating a doorway from a window or fanlight above it.
Transom
Any printed fabric, usually cotton, similar to chintz but has a dull finish
Cretonne
Interior paneling in general and, more specifically, paneling that covers only the lower portion of an interior wall or partition.
Wainscot
These are some of the most colourful and best-made textiles produced by North American Indians. They introduced geometric shapes, diamonds, lozenges, and zig-zags.
Navajo
Metal and tortoise-shell inlay work as developed in France by Charles Boulle.
Boulle
in Japanese traditional architecture, it is a sliding outer partition doors and windows made of a latticework wooden frame and covered with a tough, translucent white paper.
Shoji
Windows or openings in the upper part of a wall.
Clerestory
Tooth-like projecting decorative details used in Ionic and Corinthian classical architecture
Dentils
Lead-glazed earthenware imitating metal jugs and tankard from Germany
Hafner ware
Historic pottery brand that originated in the late 18th century. It is famous for its blue and white transferware designs, particularly the “Blue Italian” pattern featuring pastoral scenes. It is also credited with perfecting the formula for bone china.
Spode
Flexible sliding door formed of parallel thin strips glued to a canvas back.
Tambour door
Formed by 2 silk worms that spun their cocoons together in an interlocking manner.
Duppion
This fabric has a short, dense pile, used in clothing and upholstery. It is characterized by a soft, downy surface formed by clipped yarns. The wrong side of the fabric is smooth and shows the weave employed.
Velvet
A firm, glossy Jacquard patterned fabric similar to brocade but flatter and reversible, featuring elaborate woven patterns, often with a tone-on-tone effect.
Damask
Wood joint with interlocking projecting teeth.
Box (finger) Joint
Woven fabric with a velvety texture, created by weaving short lengths of yarn between two core yarns. It has a fuzzy pile that looks hairy. Named from the French word meaning caterpillar.
Chenille
It is a luxurious fabric made from the hair of Angora goats. It is known for its high sheen, durability, and resistance to wrinkling. Mohair upholstery adds a touch of elegance and sophistication to furniture.
Mohair
Tin-enameled earthenwares coming from Faenza, Italy.
Faience
A protective covering thrown over the back of a chair or the head or cushions of a sofa.
Antimacassar
Woven fibers of rattan, bamboo, or other materials used to form furniture.
Wicker
The tile first appeared sometime in the 10th century, originally handmaid in Morocco. It means “little polished stone” in Arabic and is characterized by glazed tiles with irregular surfaces generally used to create mosaics with geometric patterns.
Zellij or Zellige
It is a cotton or linen printed with designs of landscapes and figures for which an18th-century factory near Versailles was famous for.
Toile de Jouy
It is also called Florentine mosaic, technique of fashioning pictures with thin, cut-to shape pieces of brightly coloured semiprecious stones, developed in Florence in the late 16th century.
Commesso
These matches repeat at regular intervals across papers. On installation, the pattern is cut at the same height from the ceiling line to assure alignment.
Straight Match
A tin-glazed earthenware first made early in the 17th century in Holland
Delftware
From a Turkish word that translates to “napkin,” or “towel”. It is made by knotting cords or thick threads in a geometric pattern. It was a specialty of Genoa, where, in the 19th century, towels decorated with knotted cord were popular.
Macrame
Pottery that has not been fired to the point of vitrification and is thus slightly porous and coarser than stoneware and porcelain.
Earthenware
This rough finish is achieved by heating the stone to a high temperature and then rapidly cooling it. Its slip-resistant surface is ideal for bathrooms and other wet areas where stone may be used for flooring.
Flamed or thermal finish
Japanese porcelain made primarily during the Tokugawa period by the Sakaida family, who established kilns at Arita. Typical dishes, bowls, and vases have octagonal, hexagonal, or square shapes,
Kakiemon ware
Traditional Japanese technique of repairing ceramics with lacquer and a metal powder that is usually made from gold or silver.
Kintsugi
These are ceramics manufactured in Seto by one of the so-called Six Ancient Kilns of Japan. It was first produced in the later Kamakura period toward the close of the 13th century.
Seto Ware
Originated in the province of Fujian. Soft, creamy white glazes on a white delicate porcelain body.
Blanc de Chine
It one of the most iconic types of Chinese ceramics. It features intricate cobalt blue designs painted onto a white porcelain background. This style became popular during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and reached its peak during the Ming Dynasty
Blue and White Porcelain
A process by which a fabric akin to lace is made of thread with a small hand shuttle and the fingers. It was once a widely practiced craft, known in Italy as occhi and in France as la frivolité. The resulting product appears to be quite fragile but is indeed both strong and durable.
Tatting
Most iconic types of Chinese ceramics. It features intricate cobalt blue designs painted onto a white porcelain background. This style became popular during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and reached its peak during the Ming Dynasty.
Blue and White Porcelain
The three-colored ware chinese ceramic marked with great power and prosperity. Important stage in development of Chinese ceramics
T’ang Dynasty
This highly reflective, glossy finish is achieved through successive polishing with increasingly fine materials. It brings depth and color to a stone but is also prone to slipping unless appropriately sealed.
Polished Finish
This smooth satin finish is achieved by stopping the polishing process early. It provides a softer looking surface that is less prone to showing damage.
Honed Finish
One of the most famous of the chinese ceramics, with a subtle bluish-green glaze and are characterized by their simple and elegant shapes. This style originated during the Song Dynasty.
Celadon
Black lacquer and eggshell thin pottery. Named after Lunghsan, Shatung province. Undecorated and metallic in form.
Longshan
It is a unit expressing the relative pressure or intensity of sounds on a uniform scale, from 0 for the least perceptible sound to about 130 for the average threshold of pain.
Decibel (dB)
Emerged during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) and is characterized by its vibrant and richly colored enamel decoration. It often showcases scenes of flowers, birds, and figures, incorporating pink, green, and yellow tones.
Famille rose porcelain
Fired at 1000-1500 degrees Celsius. Beautifully excavated pottery in Yangshao Village, northwest Hunan province. Used geometric patterns and the art of painting designs with a brush.
Yangshao Ware
An ornamental element of four lobes
Quatrefoil
English stoneware renowned for its Jasper Ware, Black Basalt, and Queen’s Ware.
Also agateware
Wedgwood Ware
Identifiable from an area in England that became synonymous with pottery production during the 18th and 19th centuries. It produced a wide range of ceramic wares, including colorful and highly collectible figurines, which depicted animals, historical figures, and famous personalities of the time
Staffordshire Ware
These matches have the most potential for waste, as the pattern does not match at the same distance from the ceiling, but rather at regular diagonal intervals.
Drop Match
It is composted of gypsum or lime, water, sand, and sometimes another fiber. It is applied in a pasty form to the surfaces of walls or ceilings and allowed to harden and dry.
Plaster
A painting done on wet or damp plaster using tempera colors.
Fresco
It is the first coat in three-coat plaster. It must adhere firmly to the lath and provide a better bond for the second or brown coat
Scratch coat
Classification of light distribution that is:
10%–40% upward
60%–90% downward
Semidirect
The French term for exposed reinforced concrete.
Beton brut
It is a roughly finished, leveling coat of plaster—either the second coat in three-coat plaster or the base coat applied over a gypsum lath or masonry.
Brown coat
Glazed and enameled earthenware was introduced into Italy from Moorish Spain.
Majolica
Pottery that has been treated, in one way or another, with semiliquid clay, or slip, sometimes called barbotine.
Slip Ware
It is a style of Japanese porcelain, with overglaze decoration called “enameled” ceramics.
Kakiemon
It is often called drywall or plasterboard— consists of a gypsum core surfaced with paper or other covering material. It may be finished by painting or by the application of ceramic tile or a flexible wall covering.
Gypsum board
The large round window, usually in the façade of a Gothic cathedral or church.
Rose Window
It is a mixture of a solid pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle and applied as a thin, usually opaque coating.
Paint
Classification of light distribution that is:
0%–10% upward
90%–100% downward
Direct-Concentrating or Direct-Spread
A type of loom developed in France, capable of weaving elaborate patterns; also a fabric
Jacquard Loom
Chair with a back using several horizontal slats
Ladderback Chair
A black porcelain pottery, invented by Josiah Wedgwood in 18th century England.
Solid black stoneware of great hardness. Unglazed. Named from a black Egyptian rock. Made of native clay, ground ironstone, ocher and oxide of manganese.
Basaltware
A woven carpet named after a town in England. It is constructed on a modified Jacquard loom. It is used to produce carpets with up to 5 colors.
Wilton
Generally made of 100 percent wool or 80 percent wool and 20 percent nylon, are the most durable and long-wearing carpet type. Resemble hand-knotted carpets, but their pile yarn is mechanically inserted and bound, and not knotted; A traditional carpet construction using a cut pile of wool in a wide variety of pattern and color.
The term referred to rugs woven from its origin in England in the mid 18th century.
Axminister
Factory founded in 1744 in St. Petersburg is the first porcelain enterprise and one of the leading brands in Russia.
Imperial Porcelain
It is measure of the performance of a building material or construction assembly in preventing the transmission of airborne sound.
Transmission Loss (TL)
One of their notable achievements is the development of the first Japanese-made Western-style dinnerware, which played a significant role in introducing Japanese ceramics to international markets.
Noritake
It is a liquid consisting of a binder and a solvent in which pigment is dispersed before being applied to a surface to control consistency, adhesion, gloss, and durability.
Vehicle
These paint sheens are used for ceilings, and for walls in rooms with low surface contact. Their low sheen can conceal minor surface imperfections. They can be gently washed, but not scrubbed.
Flat paints
It is a finely ground, insoluble substance suspended in a liquid vehicle to impart color and opacity to a coating.
Pigment
A vertical member dividing the panels or panes of a window or door.
Mullion
Rigid panels, usually of wood, are hinged to open and
close like miniature doors. Panels usually have adjustable louvers so that filtering of light and view can be controlled
Shutters
Type of mosaic glass with colorful flower patterns.
Millefiori
A sacred cloth woven by the T’boli people in communities around Lake Sebu, Mindanao island.
T’nalak
Also referred to as Abel Iloco or simply Abel, is a weaving tradition native to the Ilocano people of Northern Luzon in the Philippines.
Inabel
Hand woven fabric made by the ethnic Higanon tribe in Northern Mindanao
Hinabol
A visual motif used by the Hanunuo Mangyan people of Mindoro in the Philippines
Pakudos
An Indonesian technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to the whole cloth
Batik
A candlestand with a sculptured figure holding a circular tray for the candle.
Gueridon
Triangular form created by the end of a gable. The pediments of classical Greek and Roman architecture are often used as ornamental detail in interiors and furniture.
Pediment
It is a dyeing technique originating from Indonesia used to pattern textiles that employs resist dyeing on the yarns prior to dyeing and weaving the fabric.
Ikat
Maguindanao’s traditional woven cloth and the word literally means “woven” in the Maguindanaoan language.
Inaul
It is the total weight of face yarns measured in ounces per square yard.
Face weight
It refers to the number of ends of yarn in a 27-inch (685-mm) width of woven carpet
Pitch
These wallpaper patterns are the most efficient of the wallpaper or vinyl types. There is no pattern match horizontally, therefore the covering can be cut wherever necessary.
Random Match
Oil paints tend to be more durable and resistant to wear and tear. Made with an alkyd base, they dry much more slowly than latex paints. Consequently, they produce smoother finishes since brush strokes and other discrepancies tend to disappear as the paint layer levels itself.
Alkyd Paints
It is a measure of the amount of pile fiber by weight in a given area of carpet. Increased density generally results in better performance.
Density
A triangular area of masonry used to connect the base of a dome to a square space below.
Pendentive
They are constructed in facing pairs with the pile embedded in the backing on each side, then cut apart to create a cut pile. They are used for heavy foot traffic, such as in airport terminals.
Fusion-Bonded Carpet
It is a single number that combines transmission loss values from many frequencies. This rating provides an estimate of the performance of a partition in certain common sound insulation situations. The higher the STC rating, the greater is the sound isolating value of the material of construction.
Sound transmission class (STC) rating
Most commercial carpet is made by inserting tufts of yarn into a primary backing. A secondary backing may be added as a cushion and for greater dimensional stability.
Tufted Carpet
Fabric passes between rollers which permit caustic solution to contract certain areas of the fabric. This produces the puckered design of the fabric.
Plisse printing
An Asian varnish used as a wood finish, with many coats forming a high-gloss surface. The term is used for modern finishes of similar character made from synthetics.
Lacquer
A decorative candle holder, often a mirror with a candle holder on either side.
Girandole
It refers to the needle spacing across the width of a tufting machine, expressed in fractions of an inch.
Gauge
Common finishing process for linen; fabric is hammered by the impact of wooden mallets giving it a firm, flattened and lustrous appearance.
Beetling
A wool finishing process to prevent creases or uneven shrinkage. A stretching process wherein the cloth passes over rollers in hot water or steam then put in cold water after which it is pressured.
Crabbing
Type of Terrazzo that consists mainly of large stone chips, with smaller chips filling the spaces between.
Venetian terrazzo
Emphasizes the continuous weft yarn with as few interruptions of the warp yarns as possible.
Satin Weave
These dry to an extremely hard and durable finish. This finish is usually made by adding varnishes and other hardeners to a base paint; are used on walls, but also on appliances, signage, and other items that need a waterproof coating.
Enamel Paints
The device used to weave cloth; its purpose is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads.
Loom
Matting of fibers to form a web by moisture, pressure and heat; has no grain direction
Felting
Silk fabric woven from silk made by wild, uncultivated silkworms; has a rougher texture than cultivated silk. It is used for rougher textiles.
Tussah
Type of Terrazzo that is a ground and polished finish that consists mainly of relatively small stone chips.
Standard terrazzo
A decorative element at the bottom of a furniture leg in which a carved claw grasps a spherical ball element.
Ball and claw foot
Any material made of interlacing fibers. It is a flexible artificial material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibers by weaving or knitting or pressed into felt.
Textile
Brick made of dried earth and straw. Also structures
built of this material.
Adobe
Upholstery trimming of thin braids of fabric wound around a wire or cord.
Gimp
A spiral decorative form used as the major element in the capital of a column of the Ionic order of architecture.
Volute
It is the total weight of face yarns measured in ounces per square yard.
Face weight
Stonework treated with projecting stones and recessed joints to form a strong surface pattern.
Rustication
These paint sheens are used for walls in high-contact areas such as kitchens and bathrooms, and for trim. They are very durable, washable, and scrubbable, and somewhat shiny.
Semigloss paints
These rugs are handknotted, and made with individual knots that will not unravel. Today, digital printing allows manufacturers to collaborate with designers.
Oriental Rugs
A technique of forming strips of wood into curves by applying steam heat and placing the softened wood on molds.
Bentwood
It offers a contrast in brightness that
is directive and creates a sense of depth.
Focal lighting
(Examples include task and accent lighting)
A carved ornamental treatment using alternating elements of semi-spherical and semi-cylindrical form.
Bead and reel
The French term for exposed reinforced concrete.
Beton Brut
A pediment with a central opening.
Broken Pediment
Elaborate surface decoration using inlay in wood veneering.
Marquetry
A joint between two pieces,
with each cut at an angle to fi t at a
corner of the (usually right-angle)
intersection.
Miter
Gilded bronze used as decorative detail on furniture of the Neoclassical period.
Ormolu
Gilded Bronze in French is “Bronze Dore”
A three-part window composed of a large, arched central section flanked by two narrower, shorter sections having square tops.
Palladian Window
Curtain hung at the sides(s) of a doorway or other opening and then drawn across.
Portière
Arrangement of parallel, horizontal blades, slats, laths, slips of glass, wood, or other material designed to regulate airflow or light penetration.
Louvers
Parallel thin semicircular moldings used decoratively.
Reeding
Carved parallel grooves as used on the shafts of classical columns
Fluting
A chair back using a wide vertical element of wood at its center.
Splat back
A carved decorative element having three leaf forms.
Trefoil
A decorative repeat of interlacing curved bands, sometimes forming circles.
Guilloche
These are made by bonding two or three layers of polyester fabric with an insulating layer of air. They offer limited thermal insulating properties and varying degrees of translucence. May stack compactly.
Cellular or honeycomb Shades
These are made with a synthetic polyvinyl material that is water soluble, allowing for easy clean up. These paints dry more quickly than oil-based paints and release less off-gassing odor as they dry. Their fast-drying properties permit quicker recoating, are also more elastic than oil-based paints, and, as such, are less prone to substrate cracking.
Latex paints
Raised form that projects from a surface.
Relief Sculpture
Sculptural relief where projecting figure is closer to the surface.
Low relief / Bas relief /basso relievo
Sculptural relief where figure may almost be detached from the surface, at least half their depth.
High relief / Haut relief / Alto relievo
Sculptural relief intermediate between low and high relief.
Half-relief/ Demi relief / Mezzo relievo
Crushed relief; Lowest relief in which the projection barely exceeds the thickness of a sheet of paper.
Relievo sticciato
