(Fabrics) Materials of Design and Decoration Flashcards
A rich Jacquard woven fabric of an all-over interwoven design of raised figures of flowers with the pattern emphasized by contrasting surfaces or colors done in low relief. Derived from the French word meaning to ornament.
Brocade
A type of raised decoration applied to the surface of the fabric, to which an adhesive is printed. Then, tiny pieces of fibers are dusted and made to stick to it.
Flocked
Fabric in which metallic threads are interspersed throughout the base construction. From the French meaning worked with gold and silver wire.
Lame’
Style of weaving that uses a resist dyeing process on either the warp or weft before threads are woven to create a pattern.
Ikat
Broken twill weave forming four-pointed star.
Houndstooth
Any velvet with an irregular pattern of nap going in different directions.
Crushed Velvet
Broken twill weave composed of vertical sections that are alternately right angle in direction. Also called Arrowhead weave.
Herringbone
Sheer fabric embellished with small dot motifs that may vary in color. From Saint Galen, Switzerland.
Dotted Swiss
Chain stitch embroidery made with fine, loosely twisted two-ply worsted yarn on a plain weave cotton fabric. Worsted refers to the finest quality of wool. Imperfections, dirt spots and natural black specks identifies genuineness of fabric.
Crewel
A rugged, serviceable, staple cotton cloth recognized by lefthand twill on the surface. Originally used for work clothes.
Denim
From the Japanese meaning soft as down. Lightweight plain weave silk fabric. Even lighter than the shantung.
Habotai
Dyed yarns introduced at given intervals in both warp and filling to achieve a block or check effect. Named from Italian meaning striped.
Gingham
Firm, durable, compactly woven cloth which has a diagonal line on the face. Named for a cloak popular during the Middle Ages.
Gabardine
Thin, sheer cloth in which cords or stripes may be woven into the fabric. Has a crisp texture and is used for bedspreads.
Dimity
Resin glazed, can withstand washing, cotton fabric printed with bright figures and large flower designs.
Named from the Hindu word meaning spotted.
Chintz
Thin sheer fabric used for curtains next to glass windows to diffuse light.
Gauze
Woven from chenille yarns and has a fuzzy pile that looks hairy. Named from the French word meaning caterpillar.
Chenille
A firm, glossy Jacquard patterned fabric similar to brocade but flatter and reversible.
Damask
A cut pile cloth with narrow to wide wales that run in the warp direction of the goods. Warmest cotton fabric because of the wales that serve as insulated cushion of air.
Corduroy
A pile fabric with with uncut loops with varying heights.
Frieze
French: Frisé, meaning curled
Lightweight, plain, weave, stiffened fabric with a low yarn count. From a French word, meaning horsehair, and “lin” for linen, stiff.
Crinoline
Compact, matted woolen material. Named from the Anglo-Saxon word meaning to filter.
Felt
Made when fabric is brushed with wire brushes to pull the material together and fluff it up. End fabric has a looped, soft pile with large air pockets that serve as insulating properties. Wicks moisture away from the surface. Can be compared to fur because of its softness.
Berber Fleece
A lightweight fabric characterized by a crinkly surface produced by hard twist yarns.
Crepe
Medium-weight fabric that has a very soft hand, brushed on both sides to lift the fiber ends out of the base fabric and create a soft fuzzy surface.
Flannel
Fabric treated with a caustic soda solution that creates crinkles or pleated effect.
Plisse’
Fabric with uneven surface created by the use of caustic soda that causes it to shrink unevenly.
Crinkle
Strong fabric inspired of its gauzelike, soft, flimsy appearance.
Chiffon
Broken twill creating a design of wide V’s across the width of the fabric.
Chevron
French word for “buckled”. Fabric has a ring appearance formed by drawn-out loop yarns on the face of the goods. Kinky appearance.
Boucle’
Unglazed chintz.
Cretonne
Made from cotton fibers with blue warp and white filling that gives a mottled colored surface.
Chambray
Fine loosely woven fabric in leno weave.
Grenadine
Softest fabrics made. Very lightweight with a printed delicate floral pattern. Named from an Anglo- Indian term, meaning soft.
Challis
A rugged, heavy material made from plyed yarns. Has an even weave that is heavy and firm for heavy duty purposes
Canvas
Soft and white cotton that is calendared to produce a slight gloss. Originated in Cambrai, France.
Cambric
Originally an imitation of Italian tooled leather. A heavy fabric which resembles damask with a pattern, which appears to be embossed.
Tightly woven jacquard fabric with a warp effect in the figure giving a puffed appearance. Heavy fabric with high relief.
Brocatelle
Net-like open appearance. Typically seen in office chairs. Herman Miller was the 1st to release office chairs with mesh.
Mesh
Or “gunny”. A plain weave coarse fabric made from jute or hemp. Used as carpet backing.
Burlap
Soft, double cloth which has a quilted surface effect woven on Jacquard looms. Named from the French word meaning cushioned or padded.
Matelasse
A ply yarn scrim fabric with a heavy, stiff finish. Used for interlinings in garments or stiffening for valances
Buckram
One of the oldest cotton staples from Calcutta, India. Plain, closely woven, inexpensive cloth with an all-over print. Usually have small floral patterns which is resist printed onto a while or contrasting background.
Calico
A rib weave done in a in a minute brick fashion giving a pebbly appearance. Originally made as a mourning cloth.
Barathea
Fabric that seems to change color as the light strikes it.
Iridescent
A cord cotton-like fabric with raised edges in the lengthwise direction. Has high strength and durability used for upholstery and work clothes.
Bedford Cord
A ribbed soft cloth with a crosswise rib effect. Belongs to the grosgrain family.
Faille
Generic term for a variety of cotton fabrics. From the French term mousseline meaning smooth delicately woven cotton fabric.
Muslin
High-grade coating fabric made from Merino sheep wool. From Saxony, Germany. Name for a soft woolen cloth with elaborate yarn effects
Saxony
Fibre, yarn, and fabric made from the flax plant.
Linen
Derived from stalk of the flax plant. Extremely strong, tends to be brittle, wrinkles easily. Commercial and residential use
Linen
Produced by silk moths. Strongest natural
fiber, resistant to solvents but degenerates
in sunlight. Typically, only residential use
Silk
An impermeable and antimicrobial, pliable material available in several colorways, and used as an alternative to leather that lends itself to fabric-wrapped panels and upholstery.
Cork Cloth
Or haircloth, stiff and with an open weave, is usually made with lengthwise yarns of another fibre, such as cotton, and long, crosswise yarns of horsehair. It’s animal fibre obtained from the manes and tails of horse
Horsehair
Flexible, porous substance made from a natural or synthetic latex compounded with various ingredients and whipped into a froth. Its uses include padding for furniture, mattresses, and pillows.
Sponge rubber, latex foam
A process for treating a variety of fabrics, such as cotton, linen, silk, wool, acrylic, rayon, polyester, and coated fabrics, to make them highly durable, stain and moisture-resistant.
Crypton
Technology changes fibers on the molecular level
to prevent damage by dirt, stains, and soil.
Nanotex
Thin layers of natural or synthetic cloth used to line cushions, pillows, quilts to conserve warmth.
Batting
Design featuring interlinking diamond shapes of varying colors in a diagonal checkerboard pattern.
Argyle
Cut from one corner of a fabric to the opposite diagonal corner.
Bias Cut
A layer of fabric inserted between the face and the lining of a drapery. Similar to batting.
Interlining
Fabric cover designed to protect pillow from soiling.
Pillow Sham
Decorative covering for bed pillows.
Sham
French word for Monkey Trick. Decoration using monkeys in human costume, generally humorous situations popular in Rococo.
Singeries
