Building Construction Flashcards
Standard height and length of CHB
200 x 400mm (HxL)
Wood joint in which two pieces are overlapped and held together with a peg or pin passing through both pieces.
Pegged Lap Joint
__ is a molded projection that crowns a wall or divides it horizontally for compositional purposes. It may be formed simply with a crown molding or be built up with a number of moldings.
Cornice
__ is a decorative band along the top of an interior wall, immediately below the cornice.
Frieze
That portion of the foundation of a structure which spreads and transmits loads directly to the soil or the pile.
Footing
_refers to the wood paneling covering the lower portion of an interior wall.
Wainscot
A system of dimensioning and proportion developed by Le Corbusier.
Modulor
__ arranges veneers from the same flitch alternately face up and face down to produce symmetrical mirror images about the joints between adjacent sheets.
Book matching
Portion of the foundation of a structure which spreads and transmits load directly to soil or pile.
Footing
__arranges adjacent sheets of veneer from the same flitch side by side without turning so as to repeat the figure.
Slip matching
The main room of an ancient Greek house.
Oecus
__ is a hard surfacing material consisting of superposed layers of kraft paper, foil, printed paper, wood veneer, or fabric impregnated with melamine and phenolic resins, fused together under heat and pressure.
Plastic laminate
Decorative carving of furniture leg using grotesque head and body tapered to a single foot.
Monopodia
The communal space within Medieval homes given huge importance and significance.
Great Hall
All the portions of the building or structure below the footings, the earth upon which the structure rests.
Foundation
A circular barrel-vaulted passage which runs between the central space and exterior walls in a Byzantine architecture.
Ambulatory
Any wall used to resist the lateral displacement of any material; a subsurface wall built to resist the lateral pressure of adjoining earth, or enclosing wall to resist the lateral pressure of internal loads.
Retaining Wall
That portion of an inclosing wall below the first tier of floor joists.
Foundation Wall
Any wall which subdivides a building so as to resist the spread of fire, by starting at the foundation and extending continuously through all stories to, or above, the roof. Extension above the roof is 1.00 meter.
Firewall
A wall without openings.
Dead Wall
A wood joint in which a projecting tongue is inserted into a fi tted opening
Mortise and Tenon
A horizontal projecting beam or other structure supported only at its inward end.
Cantilever
A force tending to squeeze or compress materials to which it applies stress.
Compression
A post or column supporting a handrail
baluster
That which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner.
Structure
Filipino homes evolved into this architectural system during the American era
Tsalet
The enclosing wall of an iron or steel framework or the nonbearing portion of an enclosing wall between piers.
Curtain Wall
The framing system including the columns and the girders, beams, trusses, and spandrels having direct connections to the columns and all other members which are essential to the stability of the building as a whole. The members of floor or roof panels which have no connection to the columns shall be considered secondary members.
Structural Frame
A masonry vault of semicircular form. Also called a tunnel vault.
barrel vault
Continuous passageway for the transmission of air.
Duct
Structural element of wood or steel spanning open spaces through use of triangulation.
Truss
A measure of incident light on a surface; measured in footcandles or lux.
Illuminance
__is a panel on which are mounted switches, overcurrent devices, metering instruments, and busbars for controlling, distributing, and protecting a number of electric circuits. It should be located as close as possible to the service connection to minimize voltage drop and for wiring economy.
The main switchboard
__control, distribute, and protect a number of similar branch circuits in an electrical system. In large buildings, they are located in electrical closets close to the load ends of circuits. In residences and small installations, it is combined with the switchboard to form a service panel.
Panelboards
__are switches that automatically interrupt an electric circuit to prevent excess current from damaging apparatus in the circuit or from causing a fire. It may be reclosed and reused without replacement of any components.
Circuit breakers
__provides support for wires and cables and
protects them against physical damage and corrosion
Conduit
A unit of illuminance derived from the light produced by a candle at the distance of one foot, equal to one lumen incident per square foot.
Footcandles
The measure of incident light on a surface per square meter.
Lux
Two or more plies of glass bonded to an interlayer that retains the fragments if the glass is broken.
Laminated glass
*Security glass is laminated glass that has
exceptional tensile and impact strength.
The design and placement of windows in a building.
Fenestration
A measure of the actual amount of energy flow or current in an electric circuit
Ampere
A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements.
Beam
A concave surface at the edge of a ceiling that eliminates the interior angle between the wall and ceiling planes; concave molding or trim
Cove
These are loads acting vertically downward on a structure, including the weight of the structure itself and the weight of building elements, fixtures, and equipment permanently attached to it.
Dead loads
Loads applied suddenly to a structure, often with rapid changes in the size of the force and the point to which it is applied, including earthquakes and the loads caused by winds.
Dynamic loads
Loads that change over time, but generally gradually, including the weight of a building’s occupants, any mobile equipment and furnishings, and any collected snow and water.
Live Loads
A rapid succession of echoes with sufficient time between each reflection for the listener to be aware of separate, discrete signals, produced by repetitive reflections off hard surfaces arriving at different times, and perceived as a buzzing or clicking sound.
Flutter
The substructure that forms the base of a building, anchors it to the ground, and supports the building elements and spaces above.
Foundation
Wood strips or metal channels attached to a wall to provide a base for lath or a finish material, or to add an air space to composite construction.
Furring
The triangular portion of wall enclosing the end of a pitched roof.
Gable
A circular vault derived from rotation of an arch; may be hemispherical, flattened (saucer dome), or elliptical in plan.
Dome
Deterioration of a metal caused by an electrical current flowing between dissimilar metals through a liquid that conducts electricity.
Galvanic Corrosion
A large primary beam designed to support concentrated loads at isolated points along its length.
Girder
A groove cut into the edges of a material, such as an acoustical tile, to receive a supporting grid.
Kerf
A series of small, parallel beams for supporting floors, ceilings, or flat roofs
Joists
A bowl or basin with running water for washing the face and hands.
Lavatory
The space between a suspended ceiling and the floor structure above, or the space below a raised access floor, especially when used for distributing or returning conditioned air.
Plenum
These systems control and safely distribute power for lighting, equipment, security, communication, and vertical transportation.
Electrical systems
A windowed structure rising above the top of a dome or roof.
Lantern
A continuous recess that visually separates the meeting of two planes and articulates their edges by the shadow lines they create.
Reveal
A horizontal, rigid, usually monolithic plate, such as a reinforced concrete slab.
Slab
The horizontal distance between the outermost building/structure line of a lower floor and that of a higher floor, wherein the outermost building line of a higher floor is farther from the property line.
Incremental Setback
A structural member used to resist lateral forces, that is, parallel to the plane of the wall.
Shear Wall
A thin leveling or finish coat of plaster.
Skim Coat
These systems provide essential services to a building, such as the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning of interior spaces.
Mechanical
Inward slope of a vertical wall surface; a relieving wall
batter
The underside of an architectural element, such as an arch, beam, cornice, or staircase.
Soffit
A single-number rating of the performance of a building material or construction assembly in preventing the transmission of airborne sound.
Sound Transmission Class
The projecting part of a doorframe against which a door closes.
Stop
The structural frame of a building, consisting of columns, beams, and load-bearing walls that support the floor and roof structures.
Superstructure
A woodworking joint using interlocking elements of tapered form.
Dovetail
A measure of the performance of a building material or construction assembly in preventing the transmission of airborne sound.
Transmission Loss
AVERAGE STATURE OF STANDING FILIPINO (DI AKO SUMISIGAW)
1680 MM
A wedge-shaped tread used in circular, spiral, and turning stairs.
Winder
A measure of the power required to keep an electric current flowing.
Watt
Temporary wood structure used in building an arch or vault.
Centering
A fixture consisting of a ceramic bowl with a detachable, hinged seat and lid and a device for flushing with water; also called a toilet.
Water Closet
The horizontal upper surface of a step in a stair, on which the foot is placed.
Baytang
An arched structure forming a ceiling or roof over an enclosed space.
Vault
A document that amends or changes a contract.
Addendum
These systems supply water suitable for human consumption and firefighting and dispose of sanitary waste.
Plumbing
Abutment
A power driven, inclined, continuous stairway for raising or lowering passengers.
Escalator
It is manufactured by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it to cool slowly. The resulting flat, parallel surfaces minimize distortion and eliminate the need for grinding and polishing.
Float Glass
A ratio or proportion in which the smaller number is to the larger as the larger is to the sum of the two, or A:B = B:A + B
Golden Mean
An intermediate partial floor above a principal level of a building.
Mezzanine
A circular opening or window at the top of a dome.
Oculus
A colonnade supporting a roof to form a porch, usually at the entrance to a building.
Portico
A reinforced masonry or reinforced concrete separator with the appropriate fire-resistive rating and which shall be positioned between dwelling units or between buildings/structures to maintain the fire integrity of each building/structure.
Firewall
The total floor space within the perimeter of the permanent external building walls (inclusive of main and auxiliary buildings) such as office areas, residential areas, corridors, lobbies and mezzanine level/s.
Gross Floor Area
A low-density residential use or occupancy, characterized mainly as a low-rise single-detached building/structure for exclusive use as a single (nuclear) family dwelling. This includes structures within exclusive subdivisions and relatively exclusive residential communities which are not subdivisions.
R1
The horizontal distance measured 90º from the outermost face of the building/structure to the property lines.
Setback
A non-structural facing facing of brick, concrete, tile, metal, plastic, glass, or the like attached to a backing or structural components of the building for the purpose of ornamentation, protection, or enclosure that may be adhered, integrated, or anchored either on the interior or exterior of the building/structure.
Veneer
This serves to conceal the unfinished construction joints and gaps between materials and to embellish architectural surfaces.
Trimwork
This refers to the panes or sheets of glass or other transparent material made to be set in frames, as in windows, doors, or mirrors.
Glazing
It is a hard, brittle, chemically inert substance produced by fusing silica together with a flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools to a rigid condition without crystallization. It is used in building construction in various forms.
Glass
A type of window hinged at the bottom to swing outward.
Hopper
Consists of hinged smaller door panels that slide on an overhead track. Used to subdivide large spaces into smaller rooms.
Accordion
The reveal of a window or door opening from the frame to the inner face of the wall.
Sconcheon
Safety glass with a plastic film of 1.5 mm minimum thickness for bullet resistant and burglar resistant glass. Bullet resistant glass consists of three to five plies of glass and in some cases, high performance plastics, with an overall ¾ “(20mm) to 3” (75mm) thickness.
Security Glass
The part of a jamb of a window or door opening that is visible between the outer wall surface and the window or door frame.
Reveal
It includes the design, selection, specification, color coordination and procurement documentation of the required items necessary to meet the functional, operational, sustainability, and aesthetic needs of the facility.
Furniture, Furnishings and Equipment
It interrupts a stair run and enable it to change direction.
Landings
They close off the stair space and help make the construction rigid.
Riser
They are the inclined members supporting the treads and risers of a flight of stairs.
Carriages
A movable shelter supported entirely from an exterior wall of a building and of a type which can be retracted, folded, or collapsed against the face of a supporting building.
Awning
A truncated angle at a corner.
Chaflan
Maximum length of louvered windows.
1.2m
Masonry of solid units built without hollow spaces.
Solid Masonry
A form of construction composed of stone, brick, concrete, gypsum, hollow clay tile, concrete block or tile, or other similar building units or materials or combination of these materials laid up unit by unit and set in mortar.
Masonry
A bar which extends across at least one-half the width of each door leaf, which will open the door if subjected to pressure.
Panic Hardware
An interior subdividing wall.
Partitions
A masonry construction in which one or more arch forms are used to cover an open space.
Vault
Roof opening covered with translucent or transparent glass or plastic designed to admit daylight.
Skylight
A system of construction in which steel reinforcing rods are embedded in concrete to absorb tensile stresses.
Reinforced concrete
A thin slice of wood used to form external covering of buildings; Architectural style of the late Victorian era in America
Shingle
The outward force exercised by arches, vaults, and domes, requiring restraint from solid masonry or from buttressing.
Thrust
A building, such as a prison, hospital, or library, arranged so that all parts of the interior are visible from a single point.
Panopticon
Know also as rolled or figured glass. It is made by passing molten glass through rollers that are etched to produce the appropriate design. Most often only one side of the glass is imprinted with a pattern although it is possible to imprint both sides.
Patterned Glass
Available as clear polished glass or in various patterns, most commonly with embedded welded square or diamond wire. Some distortion, wire discoloration, and misalignment are inherent.
Wire Glass
Transparent flat glass is ground and polished after rolling. Within limits, cylindrical and conic shapes can be bent to desired curvature.
Plate Glass
Generally accepted as the successor to polished plate glass, it has become the quality standard of the glass industry in architectural, mirror and specialty applications. It is manufactured by pouring molten glass on a surface of molten tin, then annealing slowly to produce a transparent flat glass, thus eliminating grinding and polishing.
Float Glass
Manufactured by a horizontally flat or vertical draw process, then annealed slowly to produce flat fired, high gloss surfaces. Inherent surface waves are noticeable in sizes larger than 4 sq.ft. For minimum distortion, larger sizes are installed with the wave running horizontally. The width is listed first when specifying.
Sheet glass
Known also as art glass, stained glass or opalescent glass. It is produced in many colors, textures and patterns, is usually 3 mm thick and is used primarily in decorating leaded glass windows.
Cathedral glass
The entire surface on one, or both sides of the glass are sand blasted, acid etched or both to obscure a view or create a design. When a glass surface is altered by any of these methods, glass is weakened and may be difficult to clean.
Obscure Glass
The glass absorbs a portion of the sun’s energy because of admixture contents and thickness. It then dissipates the heat to both the exterior and interior. The exterior glass surface reflects a portion of energy depending on the sun’s position. It has a higher temperature when exposed to the sun than clear glass does, thus the central area expands more than the cooler edges, causing edges tensile stress.
Heat Absorbing or Tinted Glass
It may be applied to float plate, heat strengthened, tempered, laminated, insulated, or spandrel glass. They can be either
a.) single glazing with a coating on one surface,
b.) laminated glass coated between the glass plies or on the exterior surface,
c.) insulating glass units with coating on the exteriors surface or on either of the interior surfaces.
Reflective glass coatings
Produced by re-heating and rapidly cooling annealed glass.
Heat Strengthened and Tempered Glass
All portions of the building or structure below the footing. The earth upon which the structure rests.
Foundation
A horizontal structure piece which supports the end of the floor beams, joists or walls over opening.
Girder
Lowest point ofelevation of the finished surface of the ground between the exterior wall of a building.
Grade
A corridor or passageway used in common by all the occupants within a building.
Common Hall
The beam or girder placed over an opening in a wall which supports the wall construction above.
Lintel
A form of construction composed of stone, brick, concrete, gypsum, hollow clay tile, concrete block or tile set in mortar.
Masonry
Brick, block, tile, stone or other similar building unit made to be bounded together by a cementation agent.
Masonry Unit
An assembly made of incombustible material installed on openings and exhaust ducts to prevent the spread of fire.
Shutter
A blighted area, eyesore; an area where the value of real estate tend to deteriorate because of unsanitary condition of the building.
Slum
A concrete finish that is produced by sandblasting, etching with an acid, or scrubbing a concrete surface after the initial set in order to remove the outer layer of cement paste and expose the aggregate.
Exposed aggregate finishes
It refers to concrete that is left in its natural state after formwork is removed, especially when the concrete surface reflects the texture, joints, and fasteners of a board form.
Beton Brut
It is a method of casting reinforced concrete wall panels on site in a horizontal position, then tilting them up into their final position.
Tilt-up construction
These consist of modular building blocks bonded together with mortar to form walls that are durable, fire-resistant, and structurally efficient in compression.
Masonry walls
A __ refers to a continuous vertical section of a wall that is one masonry unit in thickness.
Wythe
This wall system utilize steel reinforcing bars embedded in grout-filled joints and cavities to aid the masonry in resisting
stresses.
Reinforced masonry walls
These are rectangular columns embedded in and
projecting slightly from one or both faces of a wall. These stiffen masonry walls against lateral forces and buckling, and provide support for large concentrated loads.
Pilasters
It is a plastic mixture of cement or lime, or a combination of both, with sand and water, used as a bonding agent in masonry construction.
Mortar
Two prime ingredients of mortar.
Sand and Water
It may be constructed of either solid or hollow masonry units laid contiguously with all joints solidly filled with mortar.
Solid masonry walls
__ are constructed of a facing and a backing
wythe of either solid or hollow masonry units, completely
separated by a continuous air space and bonded with
metal wall ties or horizontal joint reinforcement
Cavity walls
_ refers to the triangular-shaped area between the extrados of two adjoining arches, or between the left or right extrados of an arch and the rectangular framework surrounding it.
Spandrel
An arch that has a semicircular intrados.
Roman arch
This is a pointed arch having two centers and usually equal radii.
Gothic arch
__ is a stone or course of masonry having a sloping face against which the end of a segmental arch rests.
Skewback
__ is the wedge-shaped, often embellished voussoir at the crown of an arch, serving to lock the other voussoirs in place.
Keystone
__ are any of the wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers.
Voussoirs
__ is the exterior curve or boundary of the visible face of an arch.
Extrados
__ is the inner curve of the visible face of an arch; soffit refers to the inner surface of an arch forming the concave underside
Intrados
__ is the point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its support.
Spring
__is a masonry unit laid horizontally with the
longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface.
Stretcher
__ is a masonry unit laid horizontally with the
shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface.
Header
__is a brick laid horizontally on the longer edge
with the shorter end exposed.
Rowlock
__is a brick laid vertically with the longer edge
face exposed.
Soldier
It is annealed glass that is reheated to just below the softening point and then rapidly cooled to induce compressive stresses in the surfaces and edges of the glass and tensile stresses in the interior. It has three to five times the resistance of annealed glass to impact and thermal stresses but cannot be altered after fabrication. When fractured, it breaks into relatively harmless pebblesized particles.
Tempered glass
__is the horizontal joint
between two masonry courses.
The term bed may refer to the
underside of a masonry unit, or
to the layer of mortar in which a
masonry unit is laid.
Bed joint
It is a translucent, hollow block of glass with clear, textured, or patterned faces, made by fusing two halves together with a partial vacuum inside.
Glass block
It is a form of glass that is used as rigid, vaporproof thermal insulation.
Foamed or cellular glass
A form of glass that is used in textiles and for material reinforcement.
Glass fiber
__ is the vertical joint between two masonry units,
perpendicular to the face of a wall.
Head joint
Any of the various arrangements of masonry units, having a regular recognisable, usually overlapping pattern to increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the construction
 Bond
Brickwork or masonry bond, composed of overlapping stretchers
 Running bond or stretcher Bond
A brickwork or masonry bond, having successive courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically.
Stack bond
This glass transmits visible light while selectively reflecting the longer wavelengths of radiant heat, produced by depositing a low-e coating either on the glass itself or over a transparent plastic film suspended in the sealed air space of insulating glass.
Low-emissivity (low-e) glass
Brickwork bond having a course of headers between every five or six courses of stretcher
Common bond or American bond
Brickwork bond, having alternate courses of headers and stretchers, in which the headers are centered on stretchers and joints between stretchers lineup vertically in all courses
English bond
Brickwork bond having alternating headers and stretchers in each course, each header being centred above and below a stretcher
Flemish bond
A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the longer edge, exposed or parallel to the surface
Stretcher
A brick or masonry unit lead horizontally in the wall with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface
Header
 A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with a shorter end exposed
Rowlock
__is sun-dried clay masonry, traditionally used in countries with little rainfall
Adobe
A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed
Soldier
A brick laid vertically with the broad face exposed
Sailor
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad face exposed
Shiner or bull stretcher
__ is a masonry wall of broken stones having discontinuous but approximately level beds or courses. The mortar joints are usually held back of the stone faces to emphasize the natural stone shapes.
Random rubble
__ is a masonry wall of
broken stones having approximately level
bed joints and brought at intervals to
continuous level courses.
Coursed rubble
__ is a masonry wall built of
squared stones of varying sizes and coursed at
every third or fourth stone.
Squared rubble
__ is built with stones in
discontinuous courses.
Random ashlar
It is an opaque glass for concealing the structural elements in curtain wall construction, produced by fusing a ceramic frit to the interior surface of tempered or heat-strengthened glass.
Spandrel glass
__is built of stones having the
same height within each course, but with
each course varying in height
Coursed ashlar
These are glass fibers in spun form which is used
for acoustical and thermal insulation.
Glass wool
__is masonry having the visible faces
of the dressed stones raised or otherwise
contrasted with the horizontal and usually
the vertical joints, which may be rabbeted,
chamfered, or beveled.
Rustication
__ refers to squared building stone
finely dressed on all faces adjacent to those
of other stones so as to permit very thin
mortar joints.
Ashlar
__is a horizontal masonry course
flush with or projecting beyond the face of a
building, often molded to mark a division in
the wall.
Stringcourse
__refers to an exterior angle of
a masonry wall, or one of the stones
or bricks forming such an angle,
usually differentiated from adjoining
surfaces by material, texture, color,
size, or projection
Quoin
This wall system is manufactured by cold-forming
sheet or strip steel. The cold-formed steel studs can be easily cut and assembled with simple tools into a wall structure that is lightweight, noncombustible, and dampproof.
Light-gauge steel system
This wall framing system utilizes studs that rise the full height of the frame from the sill plate to the roof plate, with joists nailed to the studs and supported by sills or by ribbons let into the studs.
Balloon framing
__refers to thin continuous pieces of sheet metal or other impervious material installed to prevent the passage of water into a structure from an angle or joint.
Flashing
__ is an exterior wall supported wholly by the steel or concrete structural frame of a building and carrying no loads other than its own weight and wind loads. It may consist of metal framing holding either vision glass or opaque spandrel units, or of thin veneer panels of concrete, stone, masonry, or metal.
Curtain wall
__ is a coarse plaster composed of portland or masonry cement, sand, and hydrated lime, mixed with water and applied in a plastic state to form a hard covering for exterior walls.
Stucco
This stucco finish is a fine-textured
finish produced with a carpet or
rubber-faced float.
Float finish
This stucco finish is first
stippled with a broom; the high
spots are then troweled.
Stipple-troweled finish
This stucco finish is produced by
machine-spraying small pebbles
onto unset stucco.
Rock-dash finish
__ is the projecting part of a doorframe
against which a door closes
Stop
__ is the trim that finishes the
joint between a doorframe and its rough
opening.
Casing
__ is the sill of a doorway, covering
the joint between two flooring materials
or providing weather protection at an
exterior door.
Threshold
__ is a raised piece of flooring
between the jambs of a doorway, to which
a door fits closely so as to prevent its
binding when opened.
Saddle
This type of door operation slides on an overhead track into and out of a recess within the width of a wall. Doorway has a finished appearance when fully open.
Pocket Sliding
This type of door operation slides on overhead track and along guides or a track on the floor. Requires no operating space but is difficult to seal against weather and sound. Offers access only through 50% of doorway width.
Bypass Sliding
Type of door operation where door is surface-hung on an exposed overhead track. Provides access
through full width of doorway
Surface Sliding
Door construction with no visible seams on face
Flush Door
__ are manufactured assemblies of parts
making up a complete locking system, including knobs,
plates, and a locking mechanism
Locksets
__ is a door-latching assembly that disengages when pressure is applied on a horizontal bar that spans the interior of an emergency exit door at waist height.
Panic hardware
These are hydraulic or pneumatic devices that
automatically close doors quickly but quietly. They help
reduce the shock a large, heavy, or heavily used door would
otherwise transmit upon closing to its frame, hardware,
and surrounding wall.
Door closers
__ is the horizontal member
beneath a door or window opening,
having an upper surface sloped to
shed rainwater
Sill
__ refers to the finishing trimwork around
a window opening, consisting of head and jamb casings, window sills, and aprons
Casing
__ refers to the fixed or movable framework of a
window in which panes of glass are set.
Sash
__ is one of the divisions of a window, consisting
of a single unit of glass set in a frame
Pane
These are hydraulic or pneumatic devices that
automatically close doors quickly but quietly. They help
reduce the shock a large, heavy, or heavily used door would
otherwise transmit upon closing to its frame, hardware,
and surrounding wall.
Door closers
__is one of the divisions of a window, consisting of a single unit of glass set in a frame.
Pane
__are the vertical members holding the
edges of windowpanes within a sash.
Muntins
__are the upright members framing a
window sash or paneled door.
Stiles
__ is a vertical member separating a series
of windows or doorways.
Mullion
These windows consist of a frame and stationary sash; 0% ventilating
Fixed
These windows have operating sashes that are side hinged and usually swing outward. When open, the sash is able to direct 100% ventilation. The inner end of the sash may slide along a track on the sill or jamb as the sash swings outward.
Casement
These windows have two sashes, of which only one is movable.
Single-hung windows
These windows have two vertically sliding sashes, each in separate grooves or tracks, closing different parts of the window.
Double-hung window
It is a glass unit that consists of two or more sheets of glass separated by a hermetically sealed air space to provide increased thermal insulation andrestrict condensation.
Insulating glass
It is a glass-enclosed porch or room adjoining another living space and oriented to admit large amounts of sunlight.
Sunspace
A __ stair extends from one level to another without turns or winders.
Straight-run
A __ stair makes a right-angled turn in the path of travel.
Quarter-turn or L-shaped
A __ stair turns 180° or through two
right angles at an intervening landing. It is more compact than a single straight-run stair.
Half-turn stair
A __ consists of wedge-shaped
treads winding around and supported by a
central post. These stairs occupy a minimum amount of floor space, but building codes permit their use only as private stairs in individual dwelling units.
Spiral stairs
__ are the sloping finish members running alongside a staircase, against which the risers and treads terminate.
Stringers
__ are the footways that span the distance between the supporting carriages.
Treads
_ are the vertical boards that close off the stair space and help make the construction rigid.
Risers
__ are the principal inclined beams supporting the treads and risers of a flight of stairs; may be attached to their supporting beam, header, or wall framing with metal hangers or a ledger.
Carriages or rough stringers
__ refers to any of various mixtures applied in a pasty form to the surfaces of walls or ceilings in a plastic state and allowed to harden and dry.
Plaster
__ is a plaster base fabricated of expanded metal or of wire fabric, galvanized or coated with a rust-inhibiting paint for corrosion resistance.
Metal lath
A series of arches superimposed on a wall for decoration
Blind arcade
__ are preformed strips of synthetic rubber or plastic compressed between a glass pane or unit and a window frame to form a watertight seal and cushion for the glass.
Compression gaskets
__, which is German for “sea foam,” is a light, chalky stone. It is often used to make pipes.
Meerschaum
source: Britannica
__ is the vertical enclosed space for the travel of one or more elevators.
Hoistway
__ are power-driven stairways consisting of steps attached to a continuously circulating belt. They can move a large number of people efficiently and comfortably between a limited number of floors; six floors are a practical limit
Escalators
It refers to any of various mixtures applied in a pasty form to the surfaces of walls or ceilings in a plastic state and allowed to harden and dry.
Plaster
This is the most common type of plaster used in construction which is made by mixing calcined gypsum with water, fine sand or lightweight aggregate, and various additives to control its setting and working qualities. It is durable, relatively lightweight, and fire-resistant material that can be used on any wall or ceiling surface that is not subject to moist or wet conditions.
Gypsum plaster (DK Ching)
It is a panel having an air entrained core of hardened gypsum plaster faced with fibrous, absorbent paper to which plaster adheres.
Gypsum lath
It is a sheet material used for covering walls or as lath. It consists of a gypsum core that is surfaced and edged. It has good fire resistance and
dimensional stability. This wallboard is often referred to as drywall because of its low moisture content, and little or no water is used in its application to interior walls or ceilings. Sheetrock is a trademark brand.
Gypsum board
__ carries the discharge from water closets or urinals to the building drain or building sewer.
Soil stack
__ carries the discharge from plumbing fixtures other than water closets or urinals
Waste stack
__ is an extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack; extend 12” (305) above roof surface and keep away from vertical surfaces, operable skylights, and roof windows.
Stack vent
This removes the accumulations of liquid from a sump pit. It is required for fixtures located below the street sewer.
Sump Pump
This system permits septic gases to escape to the outside and supplies a flow of fresh air into the drainage system to protect trap seals from siphonage and back pressure.
Vent system
It is a covered watertight tank for receiving the discharge from a building sewer, separating out the solid organic matter, which is decomposed and purified by anaerobic bacteria, and allowing the clarified liquid to discharge for final disposal.
Septic Tank
Receptacles in wet locations, such as in bathrooms,
should be protected by a __. This is a circuit breaker that senses currents caused by ground faults and instantaneously shuts off power before damage or injury can occur.
Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)
This switch is a single-pole, double-throw switch used in conjunction with another to control lights from two locations.
Three-way Switch
This switch is used in conjunction with two three-way switches to control lights from three locations.
Four-way switch
These receptacles contain one outlet that is always energized and a second outlet that is controlled by a wall switch.
Split-wired receptacles
These receptacles are usually mounted on a wall and house one or more receptacles for portable lamps or appliances.
Duplex receptacles, also called convenience outlets
These are doughnut-shaped fluorescent lamp for circular luminaires.
Circline lamp
It is also commonly called a lighting fixture, consists of one or more electric lamps with all of the necessary parts and wiring for positioning and protecting the lamps, connecting the lamps to a power supply, and distributing the light.
Luminaire
The physical property of a material that determines its resistance to wear and abrasion, its durability in use, and the costs required to maintain it.
Density or hardness
The physical property of a material to deform under stress—bend, stretch, or compress—and return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed.
Elasticity
Materials that undergo plastic deformation before actually breaking are termed __.
Ductile
The internal resistance or reaction of an elastic body to external forces applied to it.
Stress
It is the deformation of a body under the action of an applied force, equal to the ratio of the change in size or shape to the original size or shape of a stressed element.
Strain
