Materials - Masonry

Question 1

Solid masonry

Answer 1

75% of total cross-sectional area solid

Question 2

Hollow masonry

Answer 2

60% of total cross sectional area solid

Question 3

building brick (common brick)

Answer 3

standard size 2 1/4” x 8” x 3 3/4”

Question 4

Grade SW

Answer 4

severe weathering, areas of heavy rain, snow, or continual freezing

Question 5

Grade MW

Answer 5

moderate weathering, average rain & moderate freezing

Question 6

Grade NW

Answer 6

no weathering, minimal rain, no freezing, sheltered or indoor

Question 7

Face brick

Answer 7

exposed to view, made of controlled mixtures of clay or shale - high quality units in specific sizes, textures, and colors; SW & MW exposures, factors following appearance; FBX, FBS, FBA

Question 8

Grade FBX

Answer 8

high degree of mechanical perfection, narrow color range, minimum size variation

Question 9

Grade FBS

Answer 9

greater size variation, wide color range

Question 10

Grade FBA

Answer 10

nonuniform in size, color, or texture

Question 11

Hollow Brick

Answer 11

available in SW & MW; HBX, HBS, HBA grades

Question 12

backup brick

Answer 12

inferior brick used behind face brick

Question 13

paving brick

Answer 13

very hard and dense brick used in pavements

Question 14

fire brick

Answer 14

made with great resistance to high temps (fireplace)

Question 15

sewer brick

Answer 15

low absorption for use in sewerage & storm drains

Question 16

adobe brick

Answer 16

mixture of natural clay & straw, placed in molds & dried in sun, requires protection from rain & subsurface moisture

Question 17

nail on brick

Answer 17

flat brick, used on interiors where solid masonry cannot be structurally supported

Question 18

modular brick

Answer 18

dimensions such that brick courses & joint multiples of 4”

Question 19

brick laying ideal conditions

Answer 19

40-90 degrees, should be wetted before setting to minimize absorption of water from mortar, absorption rate of 0.7 oz/minute

Question 20

efflorescence

Answer 20

white powdery deposit on masonry surface by soluble salts in units or mortar; salt leaches out discoloration ( water free of harmful salts, prevent water from penetrating masonry) use solid tight mortar joints, capped walls, effective flashing, and adequate protection; can be removed with high pressure, 5% muriatic acid in water

Question 21

concrete masonry

Answer 21

8” x 8” x 16” block nominal; 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8; 3/8” joints; 2 or 3 cores (cells) & solid; 2 cell concrete blocks reduce heat conduction, lighter, more space for mechanical pipes & conduits; 2grades N (severe exposure), S (block requires weather protection)

Question 22

structural clay tile

Answer 22

back up tile, facing tile, structural clay tiles, hollow burned clay masonry units with parallel cells; bearing/non-load bearing; side construction 3 3/4” x 5” x 12”; end construction 3” x 12” x 12”

Question 23

gypsum block/gypsum tiles

Answer 23

solid or cored units from gypsum plaster; 2-6” thick, standard panels 12 x 30”; interior load bearing partitions, fire protection; 2” gyp = 4” concrete block; cannot be on exterior because of dampness, must be set in gyp mortar on base course of water-resistant material

Question 24

glass block

Answer 24

4” standard size module; limited in elgnth, height, area; cannot support structural loads; mortar mix important because of tendency for glass to bond poorly to mortar; high coefficient of expansion for glass