Materials - Masonry Flashcards
Solid masonry
75% of total cross-sectional area solid
Hollow masonry
60% of total cross sectional area solid
building brick (common brick)
standard size 2 1/4” x 8” x 3 3/4”
Grade SW
severe weathering, areas of heavy rain, snow, or continual freezing
Grade MW
moderate weathering, average rain & moderate freezing
Grade NW
no weathering, minimal rain, no freezing, sheltered or indoor
Face brick
exposed to view, made of controlled mixtures of clay or shale - high quality units in specific sizes, textures, and colors; SW & MW exposures, factors following appearance; FBX, FBS, FBA
Grade FBX
high degree of mechanical perfection, narrow color range, minimum size variation
Grade FBS
greater size variation, wide color range
Grade FBA
nonuniform in size, color, or texture
Hollow Brick
available in SW & MW; HBX, HBS, HBA grades
backup brick
inferior brick used behind face brick
paving brick
very hard and dense brick used in pavements
fire brick
made with great resistance to high temps (fireplace)
sewer brick
low absorption for use in sewerage & storm drains
adobe brick
mixture of natural clay & straw, placed in molds & dried in sun, requires protection from rain & subsurface moisture
nail on brick
flat brick, used on interiors where solid masonry cannot be structurally supported
modular brick
dimensions such that brick courses & joint multiples of 4”
brick laying ideal conditions
40-90 degrees, should be wetted before setting to minimize absorption of water from mortar, absorption rate of 0.7 oz/minute
efflorescence
white powdery deposit on masonry surface by soluble salts in units or mortar; salt leaches out discoloration ( water free of harmful salts, prevent water from penetrating masonry) use solid tight mortar joints, capped walls, effective flashing, and adequate protection; can be removed with high pressure, 5% muriatic acid in water
concrete masonry
8” x 8” x 16” block nominal; 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8; 3/8” joints; 2 or 3 cores (cells) & solid; 2 cell concrete blocks reduce heat conduction, lighter, more space for mechanical pipes & conduits; 2grades N (severe exposure), S (block requires weather protection)
structural clay tile
back up tile, facing tile, structural clay tiles, hollow burned clay masonry units with parallel cells; bearing/non-load bearing; side construction 3 3/4” x 5” x 12”; end construction 3” x 12” x 12”
gypsum block/gypsum tiles
solid or cored units from gypsum plaster; 2-6” thick, standard panels 12 x 30”; interior load bearing partitions, fire protection; 2” gyp = 4” concrete block; cannot be on exterior because of dampness, must be set in gyp mortar on base course of water-resistant material
glass block
4” standard size module; limited in elgnth, height, area; cannot support structural loads; mortar mix important because of tendency for glass to bond poorly to mortar; high coefficient of expansion for glass
