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Building Design Construction Systems > Materials - Concrete > Flashcards

Materials - Concrete Flashcards

1
Q

Joseph Aspdin

A

patented process for making cement w/ English portland limestone

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2
Q

Duff Abrams

A

water-to-cement ratio

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3
Q

Joseph Monier

A

credited with spreading use of reinforced concrete; patented iron reinforced concrete basins, pipes, building panels, bridges & beams

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4
Q

Francois Hennebique

A

united beam & column in one monolithic system

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5
Q

Eugene Freyssinet

A

patented method for prestressing for a long span bridge design in 1928

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6
Q

Le Corbusier

A

Domino system, cantilevered slab on piloti

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7
Q

Auguste Perret

A

trabeated system of monolithic columns & beams as frames with concrete block infill

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8
Q

Francois Sonderdork Jr.

A

parabolic arch, London’s royal horticultural hall

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9
Q

PA Michelis

A

shell structure, can carry loads equally in all directions, no difference between load and support

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10
Q

Portland cement

A

lime, silica, iron oxide, alumina; proportioned, round, burned to clinkers, pulverized (fineness directly related to strength)

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11
Q

Portland Cement (Type I)

A

Standard, for general all-purpose use

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12
Q

Portland Cement (Type II)

A

Modified, for slow setting & less heat

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13
Q

Portland Cement (Type III)

A

High early strength, for quick setting & early strength

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14
Q

Portland Cement (Type IV)

A

Low heat, for slow setting (little heat)

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15
Q

Portland Cement (Type V)

A

Sulfate resisting, for alkaline water & soils

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16
Q

Fine aggregate dimensions

A

1/4” or less in diameter, sand

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17
Q

Coarse aggregate dimensions

A

1/4 - 1 1/2” diameter, gravel or crushed rock

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18
Q

sieve tests

A

determine % of particle sizes, ensure finer particles fit all voids between large particles to be solidly filled; max aggregate size no greater than 1/3 thickness of concrete slabs or 3/4 minimum space between reinforcing

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19
Q

Admixtures

A

surface applications/finishes for concrete, hardeners, pigments, special aggregates, sealers, abrasives, fillers for patching

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20
Q

accelerators

A

calcium chloride, speed up setting time

21
Q

air entraining agents

A

resins, fats, oils; resist freezing action

22
Q

retarders

A

starches, sugars, acids; slow down setting time

23
Q

waterproofing

A

stearate compounds; decrease permeability

24
Q

water reducing

A

organic compounds, reduce water content

25
Q

workability agents

A

powdered silicas & lime; improve workability

26
Q

Concrete Mix Design (general weights)

A

concrete 150 lb/cubic foot; aggregates, dry sand & gravel 100 lbs/ cubic foot; water per gallon 8 lbs/gallon

27
Q

Uncontrolled concrete work ratio

A

1:3:5 cement: fine aggregate:coarse aggregate

28
Q

Laitance

A

chalky surface deposit of low strength, must be removed before any concrete poured so new will bond to old

29
Q

Compressive strength of concrete

A

28 days after being placed, 3000-6000 psi, 4000 most common; high early strength reaches compressive strength in 7-14 days

30
Q

most common reinforcing types

A

ASTM A 615 billet steel, 40, 40,000 psi; ASTM A 616 rail steel, 50, 50,000 psi; ASTM 617 axle steel, 60, 60,000 psi (most common in buildings), A706 low alloy, 75, 75,000 psi

31
Q

Number system

A

mill, bar size in 1/8” increments, type of steel, grade

32
Q

Welded wire fabric naming conventions; WWF 6x6 - W2.9.

A

6” o.c. in each direction; cross sectional area is 2.9/100=0.029 sq in (6 gauge)

33
Q

appropriate reinforcing coverage rules of thumb for retaining walls, beams and columns, slabs, and footings

A

footings need 3” between steel and ground; retaining wall 2” concrete cover, beams & columns 1-1/2”, slabs 3/4”

34
Q

Structural lightweight concrete

A

90-115 lbs/ cubic foot; max size of coarse aggregate 3/4”; air entrainment almost always used, handling and placing easier; modulus of elasticity lower (deflection greater); drying shrinkage greater; thermal insulation better; more costly

35
Q

Insulating lightweight concrete

A

thermal insulation in roof construction; 15-90 pounds per cubic foot; low compressive strength; aggregate: perlite/vermiculite; some w/ no fine aggregate to leave voids

36
Q

Gunite

A

shot into place with compressed air, good for large surface with thin sections (pneumatically)

37
Q

Slump test

A

consistency & workability; performed in field; cone filled directly from mixer in 3 layers, rodded each layer, top layer leveled; slump difference acceptable 2”-6”, then tapped gently to indicate workability

38
Q

cylinder test

A

compressive strength, standard 6” diameter cylinder 12” long, 2 cylinders, lab cured for 7 & 28 days, tests crushing; if fails 2”-4” cores taken from areas suspected to be deficient

39
Q

kelly ball test

A

measures workability; 30 lb, 6” diameter ball dropped from standard height, penetration measured, relates directly to slump

40
Q

impact hammer test

A

rebound of spring-loaded plunger measured after strikes smooth concrete surface (approximates concrete strength)

41
Q

Single tee pre-stressed concrete

A

5’, 8’, 10-0” wide; 80’, 100’, 120’ span

42
Q

Double tee pre-stressed concrete

A

4’-0” wide; 20’-0” - 36’-0” span

43
Q

pre-tensioning

A

steel stretched & tensioned before concrete poured, after steel is cut, creep, shrinkage, slip & friction occurs

44
Q

post-tensioning

A

concrete cast with sleeve, cured, then jacked to compress, steel locked with end anchors & grouted, loss after tensioning by friction, elastic shortening, & shrinkage less than with pretensioning; greater compressive strength required 5,000 psi or greater; high strength bars, single wires, wire strands

45
Q

Benefits of pre-cast concrete

A

better quality control, better control of curing, members castable in all weather, members erectable in all weather, faster actual construction times; types include: hollow core, tongue & groove, channel, double tee, lightweight concrete planks, nailable planks, tongue & groove concrete planking

46
Q

Tilt up construction size

A

5-8” thick, span between columns & footings; SOG common, mechanical pipes, conduits, ducts can be installed ong rade

47
Q

Tube slab

A

paper tube fillers embedded in section, flat ceiling 2/ no beams, mechanical & duct systems run through thickness

48
Q

terrazzo

A

mixture of portland cement & water (matrix) & colored marble granules, then ground down floors, walls, wainscots, stars, etc.

Building Design Construction Systems (10 decks)

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