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Science Midterm Exam > Materials: Constraints & Deformations > Flashcards

Materials: Constraints & Deformations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a constraint?

A

It is a force.

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2
Q

What is a deformation and what are the different levels of deformation?

A

It is a constraint on an object

  1. Elastic
  2. Plastic
  3. Fracture
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3
Q

What are the five constraints?

A
  1. tension
  2. torsion
  3. shearing (sharp)
  4. compression
  5. deflection
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4
Q

Hardness?

A

resistance to being scratch.

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5
Q

Resilience?

A

shock resistance.

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6
Q

Malleability?

A

ability to be shaped.

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7
Q

Ductility?

A

pulled/stretched into a wire using tension.

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8
Q

stiffness?

A

ability to maintain shape.

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9
Q

What are plastics made from?

A

fossil fuels (oil and gas)

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10
Q

What are the building blocks of fossil fuels?

A

monomers, which make a chain called polymers which form different plastics.

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11
Q

What are thermoplastics?

A

Plastics that can be shaped/molded/remolded when heated, which ends up hardening (heat–>recycle–>new plastic)

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12
Q

What are thermosetting?

A

Non recyclable permanently set plastics.

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13
Q

What are two signs of degradation in plastics?

A
  1. crack

2. change in color

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14
Q

How to protect plastics from degradation?

A
  1. oxidation
  2. penetration of liquid (waterproof coating)
  3. ultraviolet rays
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15
Q

How do you create ceramics?

A
  1. Heated (metals+nonmetals)
  2. Let water evaporate
  3. bonds rearrange
  4. ceramics created!
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16
Q

What are two signs of degradation in ceramics?

A
  1. exposure to elements

2. thermal shock

17
Q

What are composites?

A

alloys: reinforcement (skeleton) and matrix (fats)

18
Q

What are two signs of degradation in composites?

A
  1. deformation of matrix and reinforcement

2. matrix and reinforcement don’t hold together

19
Q

What is the sign of degradation in metals and alloys?

A

they can rust/oxidize.

20
Q

What are 3 types of treatments to protect metals and alloys from degradation?

A
  1. coating
  2. quench hardening and tempering
  3. annealing
21
Q

What is quench hardening and tempering?

A

heat treatments used on alloys to rearrange atoms to produce a harder steel.

22
Q

What is annealing?

A

after being deformed by welding it restores the original properties of steel.

23
Q

What is a sign of degradation in woods?

A

fungi, microorganisms & insects feed off of wood.

24
Q

How can we protect woods from degradation?

A
  1. coat it

2. high heat treatment

Science Midterm Exam (8 decks)

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