Materials and Components Flashcards
What are ferrous metals and what are there properties ?
Metals that’s contain mainly ferrite or iron e.g steel. Ferrous metals will not rust and are magnetic
What are non-ferrous metals and what are their properties ?
Metals that contain no iron such as aluminium, tin and copper. They do not rust and are magnetic.
What is an alloy ?
An alloy is a material composed of two metals or a metal and a non-metal. They contain atoms of different sizes.
What are the ferrous metals ?
Cast iron, mild steel and carbon steel.
What are the two types of cast iron and their properties ?
White cast iron and Grey cast iron.
White cast iron is difficult to work with, hard and brittle.
Grey cast iron can be cast into many shapes an is brittle.
What are the pros and cons of Mild Steel ?
Pros: easily cut, machined, heated and hammered into shape.
Cons: cannot be heat treated and rusts.
How can carbon steel properties be changed ?
Can be heated to alter properties.
What are the 3 Non-ferrous metals ?
Aluminium, copper and zinc.
What are the pros and cons of Aluminium ?
Pros: extremely lightweight, good conductor.
Cons: difficult to weld, does not withstand great loads.
What’s are the pros and cons or Copper ?
Pros: easily cut and machined, good conductor of heat and electric
Cons: when worked requires constant annealing
Where is Zinc used and what are its properties ?
Used in products such as buckets and water tanks.
Easily worked and has oxide layer that protects it from oxidisation.
When worked will become brittle.
What are the 3 main alloys ?
Stainless steel, duralumin and brass.
What is stainless steel and alloy of an what is its properties ?
It is an alloy of steel, chromium and nickel. Stainless steel does not rust and is corrosion resistant. It’s cons is that it is expensive and hard to cut.
What are the properties of Duralumin ?
Pros: lightweight, strong, ductile.
Cons: it hardens over time (work hardens)
What are the properties of Brass ?
Pros: casts well, way to machine, good conductor of heat and electricity.
Cons: needs to be constantly annealed, likely to crack.
What are thermoplastics ?
Plastics that can be reshaped and domed using heat.
What are thermosetting plastics ?
Plastics that cannot be reshaped and have a very rigid structure.
What are 4 examples of thermoplastics ?
Acrylic, high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
What are 3 examples of thermosetting plastics ?
Epoxy resin, urea formaldehyde, polyester resin.
Where do hardwoods come from and explain them ?
Hardwoods come from broad leaved trees. Hardwood trees usually grow in warmer climates and take on average 80-100 years to mature therefore are more expensive.
Name 3 hardwoods
Oak, mahogany and beech.
What are the properties of Oak ?
Pros: strong, hard and tough.
Cons: expensive, heavy, grain can be variable.
Used for garden and high quality furniture.
What are the properties of Mahogany ?
Pros: easy to work, durable, finishes well.
Cons: prone to warping, grain can be variable though, hardness varies.
What are the properties of Beech ?
Pros: physically hard, tough, polishes well, shock resistant.
Cons: can be prone to warping, difficult to work.
Where do softwoods come from and explain them ?
Softwoods come from come-bearing conifer trees. The grow quicker than hardwoods roughly taking 30 years to mature. They are cheaper and easy to work.
What are properties of Pine ?
Pros: inexpensive, straight, grained, easy to work.
Cons: knots can make working difficult.
