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DT > Materials > Flashcards

Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Give some examples of

physical properties.

A
  • absorbency
  • density
  • fusibility
  • electrical conductivity
  • thermal conductivity
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2
Q

Give some examples of

working properties.

A
  • strength
  • hardness
  • toughness
  • malleability
  • elasticity
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3
Q

Define

paper.

A

anything that weighs under 200g/sm

cartridge paper is an exception

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4
Q

Define

board.

A

anything that weighs over 200g/sm

cartridge paper is an exception

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5
Q

What are papers and boards made from?

A

natural fibres (cellulose) from wood and recycled waste paper

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of

bleed-proof paper?

A

smooth, thick, prevents ink from bleeding

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of

cartridge paper?

A

heavy, textured, thick

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of

grid paper?

A

white, printed grid of isometric lines/squares

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of

layout paper?

A

thin, lightweight, inexpensive, smooth, relatively transparent

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of

tracing paper?

A

thin, transparent, smooth surface

smooth so that ink can be transferred

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11
Q

What are the uses of

bleed-proof paper?

A

quality presentational drawings

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12
Q

What are the uses of

cartridge paper?

A

drawings, pencil, charcoal and paintings

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13
Q

What are the uses of

grid paper?

A

scale drawings, quick sketches

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14
Q

What are the uses of

layout paper?

A

general design work

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15
Q

What are the uses of

tracing paper?

A

copying and tracing

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of

corrugated card?

A

two or more layers of card, fluted layer to add strength

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of

duplex board?

A

usually one smooth side, often printed

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of

foil-lined board?

A

card lined with aluminium foil

(provides insulation)

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of

inkjet card?

A

smooth, treated card for high quality finish

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of

solid white board?

A

strong, high quality, bleached card for printing

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21
Q

What are the uses of

corrugated card?

A

packaging and boxes to protect from damage

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22
Q

What are the uses of

duplex board?

A

food packaging that requires printing on one side

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23
Q

What are the uses of

foil-lined board?

A

takeaway food packaging

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24
Q

What are the uses of

inkjet card?

A

high quality photographs

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25
Q

What are the uses of

solid white board?

A

high quality packaging printing and book covers

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26
Q

Define

timber.

A

the general name given to wood materials once they have been processed into useable forms such as planks and strips

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27
Q

What are the three main types of timber?

A
  • hardwoods
  • softwoods
  • manufactured boards
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28
Q

Define

hardwoods.

A

come from broad-leaved deciduous trees that loose their leaves over winter

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29
Q

Define

softwoods.

A

come from conifers, evergreen trees that keep their needles all year round

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30
Q

Define

man made wood.

(manufactured boards)

A

sheets of timber made by gluing either wood fibres or wood layers together

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31
Q

What are some examples of

hardwoods?

A

oak, beech, maple, willow, birch, teak, mahogany, walnut, olive

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32
Q

What are some examples of

soft woods?

A

pine, cedar, spruce, fir

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33
Q

What are some examples of

man-made wood?

(manufactured boards)

A

MDF, plywood

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34
Q

How is metal made?

A

Metal is made by extracting metal ores from rocks in the earth’s crust by mining. The metal ore is then processed and refined to create a more useable material with improved properties.

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35
Q

What are the three main categories or types of metal?

A
  • ferrous metals
  • non-ferrous metals
  • alloys
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36
Q

What are

ferrous metals?

A

metals that contain iron

(almost all are magnetic)

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37
Q

What are

non-ferrous metals?

A

metals that do not contain iron

(they are not magnetic)

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38
Q

What are

alloys?

A

metals that have been alloyed

(mixed with other metals to improve their physical properties)

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39
Q

What are some examples of

ferrous metals?

A
  • cast iron
  • wrought iron
  • carbon steel (also an alloy)
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40
Q

What are some examples of

non-ferrous metals?

A
  • aluminium
  • copper
  • tin
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41
Q

What are some examples of

alloys?

A
  • brass
  • stainless steel
  • high speed steel
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42
Q

Define

polymers

A

man-made materials that are used in a wide range of products

(such as plastics)

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43
Q

What are

thermopolymers?

(aka thermal forming polymers)

A

Polymers that contain no cross-linkage molecules so they are not very resistant to heat. They can be easily melted, moulded and often re-formed. They are recyclable.

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44
Q

What are some examples of

thermopolymers?

(aka thermo forming polymers)

A
  • acrylic
  • PLA
  • ABS
  • HIPS
  • HDPE
  • PVC
  • PET
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45
Q

What is acrylic used for?

A

windows, lenses, signs

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46
Q

What is PLA used for?

A

disposble cutlery, plastic film, bottles, shrink wrap, food packaging

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47
Q

What is ABS used for?

A

LEGO, computer keys, seatbelts, hoovers, toasters, coffee makers

(it is durable, strong and chemically resistant)

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48
Q

What is HIPS used for?

A

soft drinks cups, food packaging, plastic cutlery, yoghurt containers

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49
Q

What is HDPE used for?

A

ropes, pipes, chairs, stools, bottle crates, toys, plastic bags, playground equipment, plastic bottles, boats, kayaks

50
Q

What is PVC used for?

A

tupperware, plastic bottles, bank card, plumbing

51
Q

What is PET used for?

A

bottles

(it is waterproof and food safe)

52
Q

What are

thermosetting polymers?

A

Polymers that undergo a chemical change when formed that make them permanently rigid and resistant to heat and fire. They cannot be re-formed and are not recyclable.

53
Q

What are some examples of

thermosetting polymers?

A
  • epoxy resin
  • melamine formaldehyde
  • polyester resin
  • urea formaldehyde
54
Q

What is epoxy resin used for?

A

countertops, flooring, bathtubs, sinks, wind turbine blades

55
Q

What is melamine formaldehyde used for?

A

cabinets, counters, laminated panels, glues, kitchen utensils, plates, whiteboards

56
Q

What is polyester resin used for?

A

boat building, flat roofing, pond building, surfboards, bumpers, gutters, garden ponds

57
Q

What is urea formaldehyde used for?

A

textiles, paper

58
Q

What are

fibres?

A

Hair-like structures that are spun together to make yarns. These yarns are woven together to create fabric.

59
Q

What are the main categories of fibres?

A
  • natural fibres
  • synthetic fibres
  • blended and mixed fibres
60
Q

What are

natural fibres?

A

Fibres that come from biological sources (plants and animals). They are renewable and biodegradable.

61
Q

What are

synthetic fibres?

A

Polymers manufactured from chemical sources or fossil fuels. Most synthetic fibres are not sustainable or biodegradable.

62
Q

What are

blended and mixed fibres?

A

Fibres that are made from spinning two or more types of fibre together to produce a yarn. Fabrics are blended to combine different fibres with desirable properties.

63
Q

What are some examples of

natural fibres?

A

cotton, wool, silk, linen, cashmere

64
Q

What are some examples of

synthetic fibres?

A

polyester, nylon

65
Q

What are some examples of

blended and mixed fibres?

A

polycotton, terrywool

66
Q

What are some characteristics of

cotton?

(and what it comes from)

A

breathable, absorbant, soft, easily creased, durable

(comes from cotton plant)

67
Q

What are some uses of

cotton?

A

summer clothes, makeup remover, yarn, diapers, coffee filters

68
Q

What are some characteristics of

wool?

(and what it comes from)

A

curly, elastic, insulating, absorbant, fire resistant, anti-wrinkle

(comes from sheep)

69
Q

What are some uses of

wool?

A

clothing, blankets, upholstey, yarn, carpets

70
Q

What are some characteristics of

silk?

(and what it comes from)

A

strong, soft, aesthetic, breathable, satin-y, shimmery, durable, elastic, biodegradable, hypoallergenic

71
Q

What are some uses of

silk?

A

clothing, bedding, table runners

72
Q

What are some characteristics of

linen?

(and what it comes from)

A

strong, quick-drying, holds colour well, durable, absorbant, wrinkles easily

(comes from flaxplant)

73
Q

What are some uses of

linen?

A

clothing, bedding, curtains

74
Q

What are some characteristics of

cashmere?

(and what it comes from)

A

soft, luxurious, silky, lightweight, expensive, warm

(comes from goats hair)

75
Q

What are some uses of

cashmere?

A

cardigans, sweaters, gloves, socks, scarves, bed throw

76
Q

What are some characteristics of

polyester?

A
  • durable
  • lightweight
  • not absorbant
  • not breathable
  • doesn’t need ironing
  • quick-drying
77
Q

What are some uses of

polyester?

A

clothing, bedspreads, upholstery, carpets

78
Q

What are some characteristics of

nylon?

A

elastic, strong, quick-drying, soft, not absorbant

79
Q

What are some uses of

nylon?

A

active wear, socks, swimwear, windbreaks, tents

80
Q

What are some characteristics of

polycotton?

(and what it is a mix of)

A

durable, anti-crease, breathable, soft

(made of polyester and cotton)

81
Q

What are some uses of

polycotton?

A

bed sheets, clothes, upholstery

82
Q

What are some characteristics of

terrywool?

(and what it is a mix of)

A

elastic, thin, lightweight

(made of silk, linen, polyester, etc)

83
Q

What are some uses of

terrywool?

A

baby towels and clothing, blankets, towels

84
Q

What are

textile fabrics?

A

Materials which are made from natural or synthetic fibres.

85
Q

What are some structures of textiles?

A
  • woven
  • non-woven
  • knitted
86
Q

What are

woven fabrics?

A

Fabrics that are made by interlocking two sets of yarn, 90 degree to another. These fabrics tend to be very strong. Used in clothes.

(e.g. shirts, blazer)

87
Q

What are

non-woven fabrics?

A

Fabrics that are made from fibres that are bonded by mechanical, chemical or thermal methods. Used in disposable cloths.

(e.g. felt)

88
Q

What are

knitted fabrics?

A

Fabrics that are made by interlocking loops of yarn together. Used in clothes. Elastic.

89
Q

What are the two different types of knitted fabrics?

A
  • weft knit fabric
  • warp-knit fabric
90
Q

What is

weft knit fabric?

and how to remember it

A

A type of knitted fabric that is made by hand or machine across a yarn that forms interlocking loops across the width of the fabric. It is stretchy and warm. However, it can lose its shape and unravel easily.

‘weft can go left’

91
Q

What is

warp-knit fabric?

A

A type of knitted fabric that is made by machine using yarn that form vertical interlocking loops. It is less stretchy than weft-knitted fabric, but it retains its shape better and is less likely to unravel.

92
Q

What are

technical textiles?

A

Textiles that are engineered specifically for their performance properties, not for their aesthetic value.

93
Q

What are the properties and uses of

nomex?

A

heat and flame resistant

protective clothing for racing drivers, fire people, astronauts, oven gloves

94
Q

What are the properties and uses of

kevlar?

A

resistant to abrasion and damage to sharp or pointed objects

stab and bullet resistant vests for police and armed officer, car and motorcycle tyres

95
Q

What are the properties and uses of

coolmax?

A

wicks water away from body (so that it evaporates very quickly), improves breathability

bedding, sportswear, uniform, underwear, socks

96
Q

What are the properties and uses of

fastskin?

A

mimics the skin of a shark, giving a streamlining effect when underwater

competitive sportswear and swimwear

97
Q

What are

modern materials?

A

Materials that were present within the last century and are continually being developed through the invention of new or improves processes.

98
Q

What is

polymorph?

and some uses

A

A thermoforming plastic that is easy to colour and comes in the form of polymer granules. When heated to 65 degrees in warm water the granules melt and can be moulded into shape like playdough.

It is used for modelling, rapid prototyping and ergonomic handles.

99
Q

What is

lenticular plastic sheet?

and some uses

A

A plastic sheet that is smooth on one side while the other side is made of small lenses. These lenses transform 2D images into a variety of visual illusions.

It is used for 3D effects, marketing and one way glass.

100
Q

What is

flexi ply?

and some uses

A

A form of plywood that is extremely flexible and can quite easily be bent into various shapes.

It is used for furniture, dt chairs, boat building and signs.

101
Q

What is

teflon?

and some uses

“They’re like solid teflon - never bothered never, harassed. I would give anything to be like that.”

A

A brand that makes thermosetting plastics that are mainly used as a non-stick coating on cookware, but it is also used in paints, fabrics, carpets and clothing to repel liquid.

It is used for pans and waterproof fabrics.

102
Q

What is

precious metal clay?

and some uses

A

A clay that is made from 99% silver or gold and 1% clay. It can be shaped at room temperature then heated in a kiln to make jewellery.

It is used for jewellery and beads.

103
Q

What are

conductive polymers?

and some uses

A

Plastic products that can conduct electricity.

They are used for circuits, wireless charging and LEDs.

104
Q

What are

smart materials?

A

Materials that respond to difference in temperature or light and change in some way. They are called smart because they sense conditions in their environment and respond.

105
Q

What is

shape memory alloy (SMA)?

and some uses

A

An alloy that remembers its original shape when deformed and returns to it when heated.

It is used for glasses frames and springs.

106
Q

What are

shape memory polymers (SMP)?

and some uses

A

Polymers that can be programmed to remember their original shape once heated.

They can be used for medical applications.

107
Q

What is

thermochromics sheet?

and some uses

A

A sheet that is printed with liquid crystal ink that changes colour above 27 degrees. It is used in children’s toys, jewellery and temperature indicators.

It is used for mood rings and temperature indicators.

108
Q

What are

thermochromic pigments?

and some uses

A

They are pigments that are often used on novelty mugs that reveal a design when hot water is poured into the mug.

They are used for colour changing mugs and paint

109
Q

What is

photochromic material?

and some uses

A

A material that reacts to light. Spectacles that darken in bright sunlight use photochromic lenses.

It is used for glasses and car windows.

110
Q

What are

self healing materials?

and some uses

A

Materials that have the ability to detect and repair damage done to them. They have embedded capsules that release adhesive when broke.

They are used for cutting mats, chopping boards and device keyboards

111
Q

What are

composite materials?

A

Materials that are produced by bonding different materials to produce new materials with improved properties. Composite materials are increasingly used in place of metals in machine tools.

112
Q

What are two examples of composite materials?

A
  • glass reinforced plastic (GRP)
  • kevlar
113
Q

What is

glass reinforced plastic (GRP)?

and some uses

A

A polyester resin reinforced with glass fibre strands. It has all the properties of a polymer but is much stronger. It is used for large structural items such as boats and car bodies.

It is used for boat hulls and car bodies.

114
Q

What are

standard components?

A

Parts that are used in many different products.

115
Q

Why are standard components used?

A
  • Some types of components are used in many different products
  • To make these parts in small quantities can be very expensive due to the time and equipment required
  • Companies that have production lines dedicated to making these standard components can: buy materials in bulk, getting lower prices; divide the equipment cost across millions of parts; automate the processes and use labour efficiently; ensure that the consistency and quality of the products are maintained
  • These standard parts can then be bought at a low cost by whoever needs them
116
Q

What are some types of standard components used with

paper and board?

A
  • clips
  • fasteners
  • bindings
117
Q

What are some types of standard components used with

timber?

A
  • hinges
  • brackets
  • screws
  • nails
  • handles
118
Q

What are some types of standard components used with

polymers?

A
  • bottle caps
  • fasteners
  • nuts and bolts
119
Q

What are some types of standard components used with

fibres and fabrics?

A
  • zips
  • buttons
  • poppers
  • press studs
  • velcro
  • sequins
  • beads
120
Q

What are some types of standard components used with

metals?

A
  • nuts and bolts
  • rivets
  • hinges
121
Q

What are some types of standard components that are

electrical components?

A
  • resistors
  • capacitators
  • diodes
  • transistors
  • microcontrollers
  • switches
  • motors
122
Q

What are some types of standard components that are

mechanical components?

A
  • levers
  • linkages
  • gears
  • cams
  • pulleys
  • belts

DT (4 decks)

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