Design Communication Flashcards
Define
2D sketching.
‘flat’ drawings that only show two dimensions
When is 2D sketching used?
for a manufacturer
Define
3D sketching
drawings in three dimensions that show depth
When is 3D sketching used?
to help develop ideas
Define
modelling.
the use of a variety of materials and computer animations to demonstrate a design
When is modelling used?
testing/user feedback
Define
oblique drawing.
a simple 3D sketch with one face square on
diagonal lines are at 45°, one diagonal square is two straight squares
Define
isometric drawing.
a 3D technique in which parallel lines at 30 degrees are applied to the sides of a drawn object
diagonal lines are at 30°
What are ellipses?
Ellipses are squashed circles. When drawing ellipses the curve touches the middle of each side of the rectangular shape.
Define
orthographic drawing.
2D sketches that show different views
Define
perspective drawing.
3D drawing that shows objects in proportion
What are exploded drawings?
These sketches are used to explain how the components of a product fit together and how they are assembled. This allows designer and engineers to spot possible construction issues. They are drawn in isometric with lines following the isometric grid linking parts together.
Define
sketch modelling.
quick model, often just parts of a design, made from easy to work and low cost materials such as cardboard or foam
Define
mathematical modelling.
the representation of a real situation but using mathematical concepts and language
What are the benefits of maths and computer simulation?
- cost effective as no physical components are used
- quick
- can speed up production
- can predict stresses and strengthen them before manufacture
What are schematic diagrams used for?
to show the layout in electrical systems (circuit diagrams and mechanical systems)
What techniques do designers use to help avoid design fixation?
primary research, secondary research, data and biomimicry
What are some examples of primary research?
/first hand information
- questionnaires
- surveys
- interviews
- focus groups
- observations
Define
secondary research.
/market research
looking at how others have solved the same problem
What are some examples of data?
- magazines
- reference books
- material properties
- anthropometric data
Define
biomimicry.
the use of nature as inspiration for problem solving
Define
focus group.
an organized discussion ran by a moderator where a group is asked about their views about products, services, brands, etc
Define
User Centred Design
(UCD)
a strategy with the aim of making products and systems useable, focus is on the user interface and interaction
also known as human-centred design
What are some methods used for UCD?
- focus groups
- usability testing - data is gathered as people try out a product
- participatory design - people are actively involved in the design and decision making process at every stage
- interview - usually one-to-one
- questionnaires
Define
systems thinking.
The understanding of a product or component as part of a larger system or product, ensuring all levels are considered insures the product is given the required attention to detail.
All products are not stand alone but provide a service or experience.
What elements need to be considered in systems thinking?
- packaging
- use of the product
- updates and maintenance
- disposal
Define
CAD.
Computer Aided Design
Define
CAM
Computer Aided Manufacture
