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DT > materials > Flashcards

materials Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 groups of metals

A
  • ferrous
  • non ferrous
  • alloys
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2
Q

what are ferrous metals

A

metals found in rock haematite (earths crust)

  • contain iron
  • usually magnetic
  • will rust
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3
Q

what are non ferrous metals

A

metals found in ores (earths crust)

  • dont contain iron
  • not magnetic
  • won’t rust
  • malleable
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4
Q

what is an alloy

A

mixture of 2 or more metals combined to improve mechanical/ physical property of original metal

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5
Q

types of non ferrous metals

A
  • aluminium
  • copper
  • zinc
  • tin
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6
Q

aluminium

A
  • lightweight
  • soft
  • ductile + malleable
  • used extensively in aircraft, canned drinks, bike frames
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7
Q

copper

A
  • ductile + malleable
  • thermal + electrical conductor
  • easily soldered
  • resistant to corrosion
  • used extensively in plumbing for pipes and fittings
  • used in manufacture of wire
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8
Q

zinc

A
  • resistant to corrosion
  • low melting point
  • easily worked
  • weak like a pure metal
  • used as coating on steel to protect against corrosion
  • used in die casting
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9
Q

tin

A
  • resistant to corrosion
  • has low melting point
  • easily worked
  • weak like pure metal
  • used as coating on steel to protect from corrosion
  • used as coating on food cans
  • also used in soft solder
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10
Q

what are boards measured in

A

microns

- 1000 microns = 1mm

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11
Q

corrugated cardboard

A 
appearance 
- natural brown board finished with 1 or 2 sides w bonded paper
characteristics
- lightweight, rigid
- insulative 
- easily printed on 
- perpendicular to corrugation
uses
- packaging boxes and impact protection
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12
Q

duplex board

A 
appearance
- 2 layers of card bonded together 
- often white external layer 
characteristics
- stiff, lightweight 
- coatings to improve functionality 
uses
- given waxy coating and used for food/ drink containers
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13
Q

foil lined board

A

appearance
- white card coated in aluminium foil (1 side)
characteristics
- foil reflects heat, water and oil
- resistant coating enabled food/ liquid based products to be contained
uses
- takeaway container lids

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14
Q

foam core board

A 
appearance
- smooth board surface on each side
- foam and inner corners have limited ranged of colours and thickness
characteristics
- 3 -10mm thick
- lightweight, rigid in all directions 
- crease/ crack under pressure 
uses
- architectural models 
- model making/ prototyping
- mounting/ framing frames onto wall
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15
Q

ink jet card

A

appearance
- bright white card treated w smooth finish (matt and gloss)
characteristics
- treated to hold high quality photographic images
- ink dries onto surface to create deep colours
uses
- high quality photographic images

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16
Q

solid white board

A 
appearance
- high quality board
- bright white
- smooth finish on both sides
characteristics
- holds colour well
easily cut or creased
uses
- greeting cards
- packaging
- hot foil stamping and embossing
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17
Q

manufactured boards

A

man made boards, come in large sizes, often flat and stable -manufactured into large boards by lamination or compression

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18
Q

advantages of natural timber

A
  • available in large sheets (8ft x 4ft)
  • stable, less likely to warp, twist, shrink or bow
  • smooth, flat surface
  • suited to CNC machining
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19
Q

types of manufacture boards

A
  • MDF
  • plywood
  • chipboard
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20
Q

MDF

A 
description
- compressed fine wood fibres bonded with resin 
properties
- relatively inexpensive 
- has flat smooth surface
21
Q

plywood

A 
description
- wood veneers glued together with alternating grain 
properties
- very strong 
- flat smooth surface
22
Q

chipboard

A

description
- wood chips bonded together with resin
properties
- inexpensive construction material

23
Q

what are hardwoods

A

come from deciduous trees and are generally hard and durable, more expensive and take longer to grow than softwoods

24
Q

softwoods

A

come from coniferous trees that are relatively fast growing , more sustainable than hardwoods

25
Q

what is timber

A

a natural and renewable product -

26
Q

what are the 2 groups of natural timber

A
  • softwoods

- hardwoods

27
Q

types of hardwoods

A
  • ash
  • beech
  • mahogany
  • oak
  • balsa
28
Q

ash

A 
properties
- tough + flexible
- wide grained
- finishes well
common uses
- sports equipment 
- ladders
29
Q

beech

A 
properties
- hard and strong
- close grain 
- prone to warping and splitting 
common uses
- furniture
- kids toys 
- workshop tools + bench tops
30
Q

mahogany

A 
properties
- strong and durable
- available in wide planks
- fairly easy to work out but can have interlocking grain
common uses
- good quality furniture
- panelling
- veneers
31
Q

oak

A 
properties
- hard, tough, durable
- open grain 
- can be finished to a high standard
common uses
- timber framed buildings
- high quality furniture
- flooring
32
Q

balsa

A 
properties
- strong and durable
- lightweight
- easy to work with
common uses
- model making
- floats and rafts
33
Q

types of softwood

A
  • larch
  • pine
  • spruce
34
Q

larch

A

properties

  • reddish colour
  • tough but easy to work
  • naturally resistant to rot
35
Q

pine

A 
properties
- straight grained 
- light yellow colour 
- soft and easy to work 
- quite knotty 
common uses
- interior joinery
- furniture
- window frames
36
Q

spruce

A 
properties
- creamy white colour
- easy to work with, small knots 
- lightweight, good resistant properties
common uses
- bedroom furniture
- stringed musical instrument
37
Q

standard components on wood

A
  • used to assist in joining materials together, increase strength of structure, add functionality
  • in timber, most components create a non-permanent joining methods meaning product can be taken apart without damage
38
Q

types of standard components

A
  • screws
  • nails
  • nuts
  • bolts
  • hinges
  • knockdown fittings
39
Q

advantages of standard components

A
  • saves prep time
  • fewer production steps
  • less human effort and skill required
  • less machinery/ equipment needed
  • good quality
  • saves money (all aspects)
  • can be bought in bulk
  • high quality consistency
40
Q

blended and mixed fibres

A

fabrics containing more than 1 fibre

  • blending achieved by spinning 2 or more fibres to make yarn
  • will be produced based on required properties for purpose
41
Q

why are fibres blended

A
  • help reduce the cost of fabric
  • make fabric stronger
  • fabric is easier to care for
  • enables fabrics to be more crease- resistant
  • allows fabric to be heat-set
42
Q

polyester/ cotton

A
  • a popular blend used for clothes, bedsheets…
  • different % of polyester and cotton depending on material being made
  • dangerous when on fire, cotton burns easily and holds polyester in place, polyester melts and drips
    burns at high temp and gives off black smoke
43
Q

what does polyester do

A

helps to cancel out the shrinking, slow-drying and creasing of cotton

44
Q

what does cotton do

A

makes fabric better at absorbing moisture and makes it more comfortable on skin

45
Q

wool and nylon (polyamide)

A
  • blended together to make socks, trousers, jackets and coats
46
Q

what does the wool do in polyamide

A

makes fabric soft and warm

47
Q

what does the nylon do in polyamide

A
  • improves strength and resistance to abrasion

- makes fabric lighter in weight and helps prevent wool from shrinking when washed

48
Q

lycra (elastane)

A

blended with many other fibres to give fabric stretch.

  • very small amount needed to give lot of stretch
  • makes fabric more crease resistant

DT (4 decks)

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