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Medical Terminology > Material Science Final Review > Flashcards

Material Science Final Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Which electrons in the atom of an element are primarily responsible for its chemical and physical behavior

A

Valence

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2
Q

In terms of electron structure what do all elements in Group 2A (the Alkaline earths have in common)

A

they contain 2 s electrons

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3
Q

Which quantum number determines the shape of an orbital and which describes its size (n, l, ml, or ms)

A

Shape - L

Size - N

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4
Q

In Spdf notation what is the electron configuration of the outer shell electrons in Iron (Fe)

A

[Ar] 4s2 3d6

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5
Q

What is the shape of an s orbital

A

Sphere

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6
Q

What is the electronegativity of an element a measure of?

A

Degree to which atoms attract electrons

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7
Q

What are the names of the three types of primary or strong bonding between atoms in solids ______ ______ ______

A

Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic

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8
Q

What are the four factors that affect the ion arrangement in ionic solids

A

Packed together as hard sphere, Charge neutrality, Non directional, and cation to anion radius ratio

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9
Q

What is the nature of the attractive force that holds ions together in an ionic solid

A

Coulombic or Electrostatic

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10
Q

How many electrons are shared between the two chlorine atoms in a Cl2 molecule, and what is the bond order of this bond

A

Number of electrons __2__
Bond Order __1st___

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11
Q

Where are the valence electrons of solid metals located

A

Electron Cloud or Free electron gas

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12
Q

In general how does melting temperature of an element or compound correlate to the bonding energy between the atoms or ions in it

A

As the bonding energy increases the melting temperature increases

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13
Q

What information is necessary to completely describe the space lattice of a crystal structure

A

The unit cell and its lattice parameters

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14
Q

Which of the three crystal structures of metals represent the closest packing of atoms

A

Face centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close packed (HCP)

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15
Q

How many atoms are therein the body centered cubic (BCC) unit cell of a metal like chromium

A

2 atoms per unit cell

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16
Q

Is an impurity atom a 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, or 2-dimensional defect

A

0-dimensional or point defect

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17
Q

What 2 things does a Schottky defect in an ionic crystal consist of

A

Anion vacacncy and Cation vacancy

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18
Q

Are dislocations equilibrium or non equilibrium defects

A

Non-equilibrium defects

19
Q

Are equilibrium defects theoretically present at 0 degrees Kelvin

A

No

20
Q

What are the three elastic moduli are needed to describe the elastic behavior of a polycrystalline metal, ______ ______ and ______

A

Modulus of elasticity (E), Shear Modulus (G), and Poisson’s Ratio (v)

21
Q

What load and what type size of indenter are required for a Rockwell B hardness test

A

Load:__100kg____
Indenter:____1/16_inch_diameter_steel_ball____

22
Q

In two sentences describe the mechanism of plastic deformation in metals

A

plastic deformation in metals result primarily from slip on close packed planes in close packed directions

Slip results from the motion of dislocations by conservation motion over the slip planes

23
Q

In terms of slip planes what is the source of the stored energy of cold work, that is where is the energy stored

A

The strain fields of the dislocation

24
Q

What are the miller indices and direction indices of the slip planes and directions for the primary slip system for FCC metals

A

Slip planes : {111}

Slip directions : <110>

25
Q

What are the three annealing stages or processes _____ _____ and _____

A

Recovery, Recrystallization, Grain Growth

26
Q

What is the driving force for recrystallization

A

Stored energy of cold work

27
Q

Does dislocation density increase or decrease during recrystallization

A

Decrease

28
Q

Does grain size increase, decrease, or remain the same during recovery

A

Remains the same

29
Q

What are the main microscopic fracture features on the center fracture surface of a cup-cone fracture of a tensile specimen of a ductile material

A

Dimple

30
Q

What is the main microscopic brittle fracture mechanism, by which BCC metals like iron and HCP metals like zinc fail

A

Cleavage

31
Q

What two quantities are experimentally determined in a fatigue test and then plotted on an S-N curve

A

Stress amplitude, and Number of cycles until failure

32
Q

Which of these two quantities (Stress amplitude, and number of cycles until failure) is plotted on the Vertical axis, and what type of scale is used (linear or logarithmic)

A

Stress Amplitude,
Linear scale

33
Q

Which of these two quantities (Stress amplitude, and number of cycles until failure) is plotted on the Horizontal axis, and what type of scale is used (linear or logarithmic)

A

Number of cycles until failure,
Logarithmic scale

34
Q

what fundamental property is obtained from an S_N curve

A

Fatigue Limit

35
Q

Covalent Bonding is Directional T or F

A

True

36
Q

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules in ice is an example of Secondary Bonding T or F

A

False

37
Q

The bonds between carbon atoms in diamond are covalent
T or F

A

False

38
Q

The primitive HCP unit cell contains two atoms T or F

A

False

39
Q

The {111} family of planes in FCC crystals are planes of closest packing T or F

A

True

40
Q

The Debye-Scherrer or powder method for X-Ray diffraction uses monochromatic (constant wavelength) X-Rays T or F

A

True

41
Q

Vacancies are 0-dimensional crystal defects T or F

A

True

42
Q

Frick’s 1st Law describes steady-state diffusion T or F

A

False it is at Frick’s second law at which steady state diffusion comes into play

43
Q

Interstitial Diffusion at a given temperature is much faster than vacancy mechanism diffusion T or F

A

True

44
Q

Diffusion is a thermally activated process T or False

A

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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