Material - Ros Barber Flashcards
How is the theme of Childhood explored in the poem?
Childhood- There is a strong consideration of childhood experiences and childhood itself. Consideration of how things have changed and developed over time and also what has been lost during that time.
How is the theme of identity explored?
Core principals of both the mother and the narrator are evaluated and contrasted to form identities that are presented to the reader. Their actions and opinions are explored to create a sense of their thoughts and feelings. The concept of societal identity is also alluded to as different customs or objects are considered important even if they seem not to be as physically important- feelings are resonant over time, man-made things are not.
How is the theme of the past and present presented throughout the poem?
Throughout the poem there is a clear transition from the nostalgic past to the uncertain present and there are considerations for the future too.
Why can the title be considered ambiguous?
Whilst the title gives the reader some indication to the poem’s content, its ambiguity comes from the many possible connections to the word “material”. The word holds many connotations and can be used as either an adjective or a noun, leaving it with many meanings both physical and descriptive.
How does the title link to the end of the poem?
Emphasis on the last line is helped by the italics
The rhyming triple also helps to do this because ‘material’ is tangible and a symbol of care and love for the children
We know that “[she misses] material handkerchiefs, their soft and hidden history” – this provokes sympathy for the poetic voice and is probably quite a relatable situation for many readers
What is the structure of the poem and are there any exceptions?
The poem has a very strong structure made up of 9 stanzas of 8 lines each. There is consistent use of half rhyme to suggest the uncertainty felt by the poetic voice.
The sixth stanza is the only stanza with nine lines and is also the only stanza to have an example of enjambment. This disruption to the rhythm highlights the tonal transition from nostalgia to sadness within the poem which is due to the changing attitudes of society and therefore the mother.
What is the effect of the end-stopped line of each stanza?
These can be interpreted as representing the traditional structure of society and the world in times gone by, the one exception (in stanza 5) demonstrating a transition.
What is the significance of the final three stanzas?
The first line of each of the final three stanzas is only one line. This lengthened pause creates a tone of reflection and consideration that were previously missing from the poem.
How can the symbolism of the handkerchief be interpreted?
It can be interpreted literally but also seen as a representative of features and times of the narrator’s childhood with her mother. The use of symbolism allows the reader to associate their own experiences and ideas with the poem, making it more memorable and effective.
How is a sentimental tone established?
Through the contradiction of words such as cardigan in stanza 2 which is is shortened to “cardi”. This brings more natural speech and rhythm to the poem making it more story-like and therefore more personal. It has connotations of personalisation, sentiment, and family life.
