materia de la vida 4 Flashcards

1
Q

caracteristicas del carbono

A
estructura tridimensional
estabilidad de enlaces
uniones dobles y triples
rotacion de enlaces simples
isomeros
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2
Q

posibles formas de moleculas de carbono

A

ramificaciones
anillos
cadenas

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3
Q

que son isomeros

A

misma formula molecular, differente estructura

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4
Q

tipos de isomeros

A

geometricos
enantiomeros
estructurales

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5
Q

que grupos estructurales existen?

A
hidroxilo (-OH)
cabonilo (-CO)
carboxilo (-COOH)
amino (-NH2)
metilo (-CH3)
fosfato
sulfhidrilo (-SH)
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6
Q

que son macromoleculas?

A

moleculas grandes y altamente organizadas

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7
Q

cuales son las categorias de las macromoleculas?

A

proteinas
lipidos
polisacaridos
acidos nucleicos

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8
Q

que es la via metabolica?

A

una secuencia de reacciones

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9
Q

Como se llaman los compuestos formados a lo largo de la via metabolica?

A

Metabolitos

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10
Q

De que elementos estan constituidas los carbohidratos?

A
C
H
O
a veces:
N
S
P
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11
Q

Cuales son las propiedades de los carbohidratos?

A

solubles en agua
dulces
cristalinos
blancos

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12
Q

Cuales son las principales monosacaridos?

A

triosas (gliceraldehido)
pentosas (ribosa)
hexosas (glucosa)

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13
Q

Cuales son las disacaridos mas importantes?

A

maltosa
lactosa
sacarosa

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14
Q

Cuales son las caracteristicas de polisacaridos?

A

un peso molecular elevado
no tienen sabor dulce
pueden ser insolubles

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15
Q

En que grupos se pueden dividir los polisacaridos?

A

Homopolisacaridos

Heteropolisacaridos

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16
Q

Cuales son las polisacaridos mas importantes?

A
glucogeno
celulosa
quitina
pectina
agar-agar
goma arabica