mastication and ingestion

Question 1

what are the 4 stages of the chewing cycle?

Answer 1

opening
fast closing
slow closing
intercuspal phase

Question 2

in what phase of the chewing cycle is food broken down?

Answer 2

slow closing

Question 3

which phase of the chewing cycle?

Answer 3

opening

Question 4

which phase of the chewing cycle?

Answer 4

fast closing

Question 5

which phase of the chewing cycle?

Answer 5

slow closing

Question 6

which phase of the chewing cycle?

Answer 6

intercuspal phase

Question 7

what direction of rotation do we chew?

Answer 7

lateral to medial circles

Question 8

which condyle is the working side?

Answer 8

Question 9

what is a Bennett movement? 2

Answer 9

condyle rotates around vertical axis
moves laterally

Question 10

what is a Bennet angle? 3

Answer 10

condyle moves downwards
forwards over articular eminence
medially

Question 11

what happens to the working and non-working condylar head during opening?

Answer 11

working side -> Bennett movement
non-working side -> Bennett angle

Question 12

what happens to the working condylar head during closing?

Answer 12

moves medially to normal position in glenoid fossa
rotates back to normal orientation

Question 13

what happens to the non-working condylar head during closing?

Answer 13

moves upwards, backwards and laterally
returns to normal position in glenoid fossa

Question 14

what muscles are activated during opening in order of sequence of activation? 3

Answer 14

mylohyoid
digastric
lateral pterygoid

Question 15

what muscles are activated during closing in order of sequence of activation? 3

Answer 15

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
(lateral pterygoid also active)

Question 16

name this area that controls mastication

Answer 16

higher centres

Question 17

name this area that controls mastication

Answer 17

central neural pattern generator
“chewing centre”

Question 18

name this area that controls mastication

Answer 18

motor nucleus

Question 19

name this area that controls mastication

Answer 19

reflexes

Question 20

what are the movement stages of food before swallowing?

Answer 20

transport to posterior teeth
transport to back of tongue

Question 21

what are the phases of a command swallow?

Answer 21

oral
pharyngeal
oesophageal

Question 22

what is oesophageal peristalsis?

Answer 22

unidirectional wave of muscle contraction in a tubular organ

Question 23

what are the 3 phases in swallowing solid food?

Answer 23

preparatory phase
pharyngeal phase
oesophageal phase