Masters and Mistresses Flashcards
Alan Gallay - Indian Slavery
Racism towards Africans and Native people are intimately intertwined. Indians had slaves before Europeans arrived
Rebecca Anne Goetz - Indian Slavery: An atlantic and Hemispheric Problem
Indian Slavery was ubiquitous in the Americas and the Atlantic World
Inge Dornan - Masterful Women
Urban women slave holders found themselves caught between two cross currents - they performed a vital and visible role in Colonial Low Country
Barbara Krauthamer
Black Slaves, Indian Masters
Krauthamer argues that
Choctaw and Chicasaw men and women embraced the idea of acquiring black people as property
Krauthamer suggests that
Native American conflicts were present due to the living in a Christian society
Stephanie Rogers - They were her property
While slaving-owning women recognised the importance in reproduction of slaves for money
Katie Smart ‘De old Devil’
Plantation mistresses used violence on a daily basis to manage and control enslaved people on their plantations - they were comfortable with their role as enforcers
Rethinking the Unthink - Goetz
Indigenous slavery did not have the capitalistic content of European slavery - served as a sign of status
How many Native Americans were slaves
30,000 to 50,000 or more in Virginia before 1720
Slaving of native people….
declines after the Yamasee War 1715-1717
Indian Slavery Before European Arrival
Character varied from place to place - Spain Official Outlawed in New Laws (1542)
Native American Slavers
Securing alliance and trade goods, danger of their own enslavement
In Rethinking the Unthinking Decision, Rebecca Goetz states
when viewed from the vantage point of New Mexico, Virginia slavery begins to look increasingly exceptional
Krauthamer analyses that Indians…
refined their own ideologies of racial identification and differentiation that reflected the particular social econimc and political conditions
Africans held by Choctaws
endured physical harship and violence that rivalled others
The right to property of slaves…
seen as the cornerstone of indians concept of citizenship
By prohibiting their slaves from worshipping at the missions…
slaveholders used them to strike back against the religious brance of the larger federal project of cultural assimilation
Katie Smart argues that Louisiana
Was exceptional and pose a significant challenge to the study of Female slaveholders
Under articles 172 and 3522 of Louisiana Civil Code of 1825…
it was illegal for slaveholders of any gender to brutally beat or kill their slaves and women were given the right to own and manage a plantation
Historian Eugene Genovese argued
Believed that slaveholding women were a central and humanising force in the lives of slaves
Tryphena Fox a female slaveholder
Embraced life of the southern planter elite and emitted strong racial prejudices and comments on the role of slaves in southern society
Women…
used their experience and knowledge of discipline, violence to manage plantations in civil war
Dornan states that
the very presence and role of properties widows underscores the fact that Low Country patriarchy was very much an ideal
