Master Deck Flashcards
Lexicon
The vocabulary of a person
Prescriptive Grammar
The structure of language as certain people think that it should be used
Semanticity
Study of words and their meanings
Myths about signed language
- signed language is derived from spoken language.
- signed languages are codes
- there is only one signed language
- deaf people will use sign language to communicate
differences between codes and languages (list 4)
code - artificially constructed system to represent a natural langues
codes borrow structure from natural language
codes do not have native speakers
codes do not evolve; language does
Place of articulation
In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation of a consonant is a location along the vocal tract where its production occurs. It is a point where a constriction is made between an active and a passive articulator.
Manner of articulation
is the configuration and interaction of the articulators when making a speech sound
Diphthong
a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another
Pragmatics
the study of the use of natural language in communication
Syntax
the rules that pertain to the ways in which words can be combined to form sentences in a language.
Semantics
the meaning of words and combinations of words in a language.
Phonology
the branch of linguistics that deals with systems of sounds (including or excluding phonetics), within a language or between different languages.
Morpheme
a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming )
Morphology
The study of the forms of words
Reduplicant
The reduplicated segment in a word resulting from a reduplication process
Reduplication
A word-formation process in which all or part of a word is repeated to convey some form of meaning
Root
either a base word, or a part of a word to which affixes are added
Received Pronunciation’ (RP)
The proper term to describe the regionally neutral accent used by many middle-class speakers in the UK, particularly in England
Articulators
any vocal organ that takes part in the production of a speech sound
Place of articulation
In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation of a consonant is a location along the vocal tract where its production occurs. It is a point where a constriction is made between an active and a passive articulator.
Bilabial sounds
Sounds involving both lips
Linguistic competence
the ability to interpret the social meaning of the choice of linguistic varieties and to use language with the appropriate social meaning for the communication situation
Linguistic performance
Use of language in concrete situations
Speech communication chain
is a simple model of spoken communication that highlights the transformation of an intention in the mind of the speaker to an understanding of that intention
Speech communication chain steps
speech production, auditory feedback to the speaker, speech transmission (through air or over an electronic communication system (to the listener), and speech perception and understanding by the listener.
- Think of what you want to communicate
- Pick out words to express the idea
- Put these words together in a certain order following rules
- Figure out how to pronounce these words
- Send those pronunciations to your vocal anatomy
- Speak: send the sounds through the air
- Perceive: listener hears the sounds
- Decode: listener interprets sounds as language
- Connect: listener receives communicated idea
Descriptive grammar
An approach to grammar and how one uses the language.
Evidence that writing and language are not the same (4 reasons)
writing doesn’t exist everywhere
writing must be taught
neurological evidence (areas of the brain)
writing can be edited
Charles Hockett’s nine design features (necessary for a communication system to be considered a language) (list)
- mode of communication
- semanticity
- pragmatic function
- interchangeability
- cultural transmission
- arbitrariness
- discreteness
Reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech (3 reasons)
writing can be edited writing must be taught writing is more physically stable
Evidence that writing and language are not the same (4 reasons)
writing doesn’t exist everywhere writing must be taught neurological evidence (areas of the brain)
writing can be edited
Displacement
the capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present (spatially or temporally)
Content morpheme
a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word
Derivation
the obtaining or developing of something from a source or origin
Function morpheme
a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning
Fusional language
Fusional languages or inflected languages are a type of synthetic language, distinguished from agglutinative languages by their tendency to use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic.
Homophony
the linguistic phenomenon whereby words of different origins become identical in pronunciation
Infix
an affix inserted inside a word stem
Open lexical category
It is open if the new word and the original word belong to the same category
Morpheme
a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming)
Partial reduplication
involves consonant ablaut or vowel alternation
