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PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 > Massage > Flashcards

Massage Flashcards

1
Q

Massage - definition

A

Mechanical stimulation of tissues by means of rhythmically applied pressure and stretching

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2
Q

Massage - Facts (5)

A
  • It can reduce anxiety and stress
  • It can build trust between patient and PT
  • Convey concern and respect for another in need
  • Energize, invigorate, elevate mood
  • Increase patients’ body awareness
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3
Q

Massage - Myths (3)

A
  • Build muscle
  • Reduce fat
  • Reduce spasticity from CNS damage
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4
Q

The Physiological Effects (3)

A
  • Type of effect depends on stroke/technique
  • Reflex
  • Mechanical
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5
Q

Stroke/Technique effects:

A
  • Inhibitory/relaxing (slow, long, rotational strokes)
  • Excitatory/stimulating (quick, short strokes)
  • Inhibitory to voluntary mm
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6
Q

Inhibitory/relaxing stroke examples

A

Effleurage, petrissage

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7
Q

Excitatory/stimulating stroke examples

A

Percussion, friction, vibration and knuckling

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8
Q

Inhibitory to voluntary mm examples

A

Deep tendon pressure of stretch - Charlie horse, cramps

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9
Q

Reflex Effects - def

A

Stimulation of sensory receptors in the skin and superficial tissues

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10
Q

Mechanical Effects - def

A
  • Stretching, elongating, or mobilizing techniques

- Should perform after reflexive techniques

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11
Q

Reflexive Effects (4)

A
  • Red flare or streak, arteriole dilation
  • Release of histamines and prostaglandins
  • Decrease in pain
  • Increase of lymph flow
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12
Q

Mechanical Effects (3)

A
  • On soft tissue
  • Effects on pulmonary system
  • Local capillary dilation via splanchnic autonomic fibers
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13
Q

Mechanical Effects on soft tissue

A
  • Stretching tissue, increase in flexibility and length
  • Can break up or prevent fibrotic tissue
  • Can increase muscle health through decreasing metabolic acids, improving tissue nutrition and enhancing waste exchange
  • Decreases scar tissue
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14
Q

Mechanical Effects - Pulmonary system

A
  • percussion/tapping strokes

- vibration loosens mucous plugs when combined with postural drainage

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15
Q

Mechanical Effects - Local capillary dilation

A
  • Relaxation of voluntary muscle
  • Sedation of pain stimuli (gate theory)
  • Increase in skin temperature
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16
Q

Indications (6)

A
  • For edema of venous/lymph
  • Promote wound healing
  • To decrease/prevent adhesions
  • Tone to skin
  • Pulmonary congestion
  • To relax muscle or whole body
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17
Q

Contraindications (9)

A
  • Edema from total system failure
  • Acute inflammatory edema
  • Suspected clot
  • Suspected aneurysm
  • Tumors
  • Open lesions
  • Abnormal abdominal mass
  • Non-union facture
  • Graft sites
18
Q

Precautions (9)

A
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Fx sites
  • Osteoporosis
  • DM
  • High BP
  • Asthma
  • Alcoholism
  • Psychiatric illness
  • Children with shunts
19
Q

Components of Massage

A
  • Lubricant
  • Draping
  • Position
  • Behavior of Therapist
  • Preparation
  • Application
20
Q

Types of Lubricants (6)

A
  • Almond oil
  • Baby oil
  • Pure lanolin
  • Cocoa butter
  • Water based
  • Tiger balm
21
Q

Draping (3)

A
  • Drape patient for modesty and warmth
  • Always begin with patient completely draped
  • During massage you will be tucking the sheet or towel, you must be aware of your hand placement
22
Q

Positioning (2)

A
  • To allow the greatest access to the area being massaged

- For patient comfort - ease into it and to the pts. tolerance

23
Q

General Application Principles (4)

A
  • Try not to break contact
  • Gauge pressure carefully
  • Never apply pressure over the spinous process
  • Try to make transitional movements as smooth as possible
24
Q

Effleurage - def

A

long stroking, gliding movements following length of muscle

25
Q

Effleurage Technique

A
  • Used to apply lubricant
  • Begins and ends massage
  • Increases superficial venous return
  • Accustoms pt. to touch before deeper work
26
Q

Petrissage - def

A

Kneading, compress and release movements used to lift subcutaneous tissue up and off underlying structures

27
Q

Petrissage techniques (4)

A
  • Cross stroke
  • Scissoring technique
  • Kneading
  • Knuckling
28
Q

Basic Swedish Principles (4)

A
  • All strokes with pressure towards the heart
  • Begin and end with effleurage
  • Work distal to proximal
  • Force should be applied in the direction of the muscle fibers
29
Q

What is the focus of Swedish massage?

A

To return the body to a complete non-encumbered flow of energy

30
Q

Tapotement - def

A

Percussive strokes using alternating hands in rapid rhythmic motion
-4 techniques

31
Q

Tapotement techniques

A
  • Tapping - fingertips
  • Hacking - ulnar border of hands
  • Cupping - cupped hands
  • Pinchment - alternate pinching with thumb and index finger
32
Q

Vibration - def

A

Transmitting trembling motion from PT hands onto tissue

-use after deep pressure of trigger point

33
Q

Connective Tissue Massage - def

A
  • Pull skin in opposite directions perpendicular to muscle

- Pinching technique over the muscle

34
Q

Trigger point massage

A
  • Find tender area, and may feel tightness in the area

- Apply pressure with finger or thumb

35
Q

Lymph organs

A
  • Thymus
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Tonsils
  • Lymph follicles of mucous membrane
36
Q

Right lymphatic duct connects with _____ and drains _______

A

R. Jugulosubclavian area and drains 1/4 of the body (RUQ)

37
Q

Thoracic duct connects with _______ and drains _______

A

L. Jugulosubclavian area and drains 3/4 of the body (LUQ and lower quadrants)

38
Q

Lymphatic Functions

A
  • Removal of waste and excess fluids from body tissues
  • Production of immune cells
  • Absorption of fatty acids
39
Q

Dynamic Lymphatic Failure (edema)

A
  • Transport capacity = normal

- Lymphatic load = increased

40
Q

Mechanical Lymphatic Failure (lymphedema)

A
  • Transport capacity = decreased

- Lymphatic load = normal

41
Q

Combination Lymphatic Failure (lymphedema)

A
  • Transport capacity = decreased

- Lymphatic load = increased

42
Q

Hemodynamic Lymphatic Failure (cardiac edema)

A
  • Transport capacity = normal/decreased

- Lymphatic load = increased due to R. ventricular failure

PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 (4 decks)

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