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PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Direct Interventions

A
  • Exercise Prescriptions
  • Manual Therapy
  • Physical Agents
  • Electrotherapy
  • Wound management
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2
Q

Conduction Modalities

A

Ice massage, cold pack, hydrocollator, cold spray, ice immersion, contrast bath, cryokinetics, paraffin bath

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3
Q

Convection Modalities

A

Hot whirlpool, Cold whirlpool, Fluidotherapy

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4
Q

Radiation Modalities

A

Infrared lamps, Laser, Ultraviolet light

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5
Q

Conversion Modalities

A

Ultrasound, Diathermy

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6
Q

Thermal Modalities

A

Thermotherapy, Cryotherapy

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7
Q

Electromagnetic Modalities

A

Shortwave diathermy, Microwave diathermy, Infrared light, UV light, Laser

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8
Q

Electrical Modalities

A

Estim, Biofeedback, Iontonphoresis

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9
Q

Sound Modalities

A

Ultrasound

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10
Q

Mechanical Modalities

A

Intermittent compression, Massage, Traction

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11
Q

Thermal Therapies - Transmission of Temperature

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conversion

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12
Q

Conduction

A

Direct contact of body with heat or cold modality

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13
Q

Convection

A

Particles (air or water) move across the body, creating a temperature variation

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14
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of head from a warmer source to a cooler source through a conducting medium such as infrared lamps transferring heat through air

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15
Q

Conversion

A

Converting one type of energy to a thermal energy

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16
Q

Risks of conducting thermal modalities

A

Ice and heat burns, exacerbate symptoms of pain

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17
Q

Cryotherapy characteristics (6)

A
  • Greatest benefit in acute injury
  • Lowers the temperature in the injured area
  • Reduces the metabolic rate
  • Promotes vasoconstriction
  • Reduces pain, spasms, and spastic conditions
  • Decreases local neural activity
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18
Q

Cold Therapy Indications

A
  • Swelling
  • Most effective if applied w/n 24 hours after injury
  • Apply for less than 20 minutes w/o pressure
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19
Q

Cold Therapy Contraindications

A
  • Impaired circulation
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Hypersensitivity to cold
  • Infections
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20
Q

Thermo-Therapy characteristics (6)

A
  • Beneficial for subacute and chronic conditions
  • Raises temperature in the injured area
  • Preferred treatment for pain and discomfort
  • Promotes vasodilation
  • Increases metabolic rate
  • Increases local neural activity
21
Q

Heat Therapy purpose

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Reduce pain
  • Relax muscle, tendons and ligament
22
Q

Will moist heat penetrate better?

A

Most likely

23
Q

Contraindications for Heat Therapy

A

-Swelling, Arterial insufficiency or diabetes, open wound, stitches

24
Q

Whirpool common uses

A
  • Ankle fracture
  • Plantar fasciitis
  • Colles fracture
  • Smith’s fracture
  • Ankle sprain
  • Achilles tendon
  • Tendon rupture
  • Tendonitis
  • Wound care
25
Q

Whirlpool - Issues

A
  • Swelling (due to dependent position)
  • Cleaning agitators
  • Not adaptable for home
26
Q

Contrast Bath

A
  • Moving b/w hot and cold water

- 1 min in cold and 3 min in hot for a total of 15 min.

27
Q

Contrast Bath - Uses

A
  • Used for subacute swelling, gravity-dependent swelling
  • Vasodilation and constriction will occur
  • Must exercise at end
28
Q

Paraffin

A
  • Treats chronic joint pain
  • Relaxes stiff muscles
  • Improves blood flow
  • Helpful for chronic skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis
  • Increases ROM for people with arthritis
29
Q

What is Paraffin?

A
  • Hot oil-based wax to provide 6xs heat of water bath

- Softens skin

30
Q

Infrared Modalities - source of production

A

electrical current versus sound waves

31
Q

Infrared Modalities - effects

A

Electric, cold, stimulatory, mechanical, etc…

32
Q

Infrared modalities - use

A

diagnostic or therapeutic

33
Q

Acoustic and Electromagnetic Characteristics

A

-Their effect is produced when sufficient intense electrical or chemical forces are applied to a material

34
Q

Electromagnetic energy characteristics (4)

A
  • Reflected
  • Refracted
  • Absorbed
  • Transmitted
35
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from peak to peak

36
Q

Factors Affecting Penetration

A
  • the tissue density
  • tissue absorption rate
  • tissue interface
  • the angle of the physical agent to the area being treated (Cosine)
  • the distance b/w the source of radiation and the surface of patient (Inverse)
37
Q

Phases of Healing

A
  • Inflammatory
  • Proliferative
  • Maturation
38
Q

Physiological Effects of Infrared Modalities

A
  • increase or decrease circulation
  • Stimulation of cutaneous sensory nerve endings causing analgesic effects
  • Enhance rate of healing
39
Q

Diathermy - Therapeutic Use - Purpose

A

Stimulate a specific body tissue to perform its normal function

40
Q

What is the only way stimulation can occur?

A

If the amount of energy delivered and absorbed is sufficient

41
Q

Diathermy Indications

A

Pain, Limited ROM, Joint contracture, Muscle weakness, Edema, Skin wounds, Residual soft-tissue inflammation, Poor circulation

42
Q

Characteristics of Diathermy

A
  • Thermal and Non-Thermal Effects
  • Depth of Penetration is Deeper
  • Maintain higher temp 2-3 times longer than heating pad
  • Categorized as SHORTWAVE and MICROWAVE
43
Q

Electromagnetic resonance -Theory - Tuning

A
  • Occurs when both the biological tissues (patient) and oscillating generator (device circuit) are oscillating at the same frequency
  • Only with complete resonance can the electromagnetic energy be fully delivered to the tissues
44
Q

Physiological Effects of Shortwave Diathermy - Continuous

A

Deep heating of soft tissues

45
Q

Physiological Effects of Shortwave Diathermy - Pulsed

A

The delivery of radiation is interrupted for the purpose of inducing non-thermal physiological and therapeutic effects

46
Q

Therapeutic Usage - Dosing Levels

A
  • 1: Just below any sensation of heat
  • 2: Mild perception of heat
  • 3: Moderate (comfortable) perception of heat
  • 4: Vigorous heating (no pain or burning)
47
Q

Therapeutic Usage - Nonthermal Effects (1)

A

-Typically from pulsed short-wave diathermy with a low enough duty cycle and intensity to minimize heat build-up

48
Q

Therapeutic Usage - Nonthermal Effects (3)

A
  • Increases local tissue oxygenation, nutrient transport and phagocytosis
  • Accelerate fibroblastic activity, collagen deposition, and tissue healing in animal studies
  • No proven to enhance rate of wound healing
49
Q

How to Document Modality

A
  • Type of modality
  • Location of treatment
  • Parameters
  • Response to treatment
  • Treatment goal

PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 (4 decks)

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