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PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Direct Interventions

A
  • Exercise Prescriptions
  • Manual Therapy
  • Physical Agents
  • Electrotherapy
  • Wound management
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2
Q

Conduction Modalities

A

Ice massage, cold pack, hydrocollator, cold spray, ice immersion, contrast bath, cryokinetics, paraffin bath

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3
Q

Convection Modalities

A

Hot whirlpool, Cold whirlpool, Fluidotherapy

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4
Q

Radiation Modalities

A

Infrared lamps, Laser, Ultraviolet light

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5
Q

Conversion Modalities

A

Ultrasound, Diathermy

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6
Q

Thermal Modalities

A

Thermotherapy, Cryotherapy

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7
Q

Electromagnetic Modalities

A

Shortwave diathermy, Microwave diathermy, Infrared light, UV light, Laser

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8
Q

Electrical Modalities

A

Estim, Biofeedback, Iontonphoresis

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9
Q

Sound Modalities

A

Ultrasound

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10
Q

Mechanical Modalities

A

Intermittent compression, Massage, Traction

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11
Q

Thermal Therapies - Transmission of Temperature

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conversion

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12
Q

Conduction

A

Direct contact of body with heat or cold modality

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13
Q

Convection

A

Particles (air or water) move across the body, creating a temperature variation

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14
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of head from a warmer source to a cooler source through a conducting medium such as infrared lamps transferring heat through air

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15
Q

Conversion

A

Converting one type of energy to a thermal energy

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16
Q

Risks of conducting thermal modalities

A

Ice and heat burns, exacerbate symptoms of pain

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17
Q

Cryotherapy characteristics (6)

A
  • Greatest benefit in acute injury
  • Lowers the temperature in the injured area
  • Reduces the metabolic rate
  • Promotes vasoconstriction
  • Reduces pain, spasms, and spastic conditions
  • Decreases local neural activity
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18
Q

Cold Therapy Indications

A
  • Swelling
  • Most effective if applied w/n 24 hours after injury
  • Apply for less than 20 minutes w/o pressure
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19
Q

Cold Therapy Contraindications

A
  • Impaired circulation
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Hypersensitivity to cold
  • Infections
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20
Q

Thermo-Therapy characteristics (6)

A
  • Beneficial for subacute and chronic conditions
  • Raises temperature in the injured area
  • Preferred treatment for pain and discomfort
  • Promotes vasodilation
  • Increases metabolic rate
  • Increases local neural activity
21
Q

Heat Therapy purpose

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Reduce pain
  • Relax muscle, tendons and ligament
22
Q

Will moist heat penetrate better?

A

Most likely

23
Q

Contraindications for Heat Therapy

A

-Swelling, Arterial insufficiency or diabetes, open wound, stitches

24
Q

Whirpool common uses

A
  • Ankle fracture
  • Plantar fasciitis
  • Colles fracture
  • Smith’s fracture
  • Ankle sprain
  • Achilles tendon
  • Tendon rupture
  • Tendonitis
  • Wound care
25
Whirlpool - Issues
- Swelling (due to dependent position) - Cleaning agitators - Not adaptable for home
26
Contrast Bath
- Moving b/w hot and cold water | - 1 min in cold and 3 min in hot for a total of 15 min.
27
Contrast Bath - Uses
- Used for subacute swelling, gravity-dependent swelling - Vasodilation and constriction will occur - Must exercise at end
28
Paraffin
- Treats chronic joint pain - Relaxes stiff muscles - Improves blood flow - Helpful for chronic skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis - Increases ROM for people with arthritis
29
What is Paraffin?
- Hot oil-based wax to provide 6xs heat of water bath | - Softens skin
30
Infrared Modalities - source of production
electrical current versus sound waves
31
Infrared Modalities - effects
Electric, cold, stimulatory, mechanical, etc...
32
Infrared modalities - use
diagnostic or therapeutic
33
Acoustic and Electromagnetic Characteristics
-Their effect is produced when sufficient intense electrical or chemical forces are applied to a material
34
Electromagnetic energy characteristics (4)
- Reflected - Refracted - Absorbed - Transmitted
35
Wavelength
The distance from peak to peak
36
Factors Affecting Penetration
- the tissue density - tissue absorption rate - tissue interface - the angle of the physical agent to the area being treated (Cosine) - the distance b/w the source of radiation and the surface of patient (Inverse)
37
Phases of Healing
- Inflammatory - Proliferative - Maturation
38
Physiological Effects of Infrared Modalities
- increase or decrease circulation - Stimulation of cutaneous sensory nerve endings causing analgesic effects - Enhance rate of healing
39
Diathermy - Therapeutic Use - Purpose
Stimulate a specific body tissue to perform its normal function
40
What is the only way stimulation can occur?
If the amount of energy delivered and absorbed is sufficient
41
Diathermy Indications
Pain, Limited ROM, Joint contracture, Muscle weakness, Edema, Skin wounds, Residual soft-tissue inflammation, Poor circulation
42
Characteristics of Diathermy
- Thermal and Non-Thermal Effects - Depth of Penetration is Deeper - Maintain higher temp 2-3 times longer than heating pad - Categorized as SHORTWAVE and MICROWAVE
43
Electromagnetic resonance -Theory - Tuning
- Occurs when both the biological tissues (patient) and oscillating generator (device circuit) are oscillating at the same frequency - Only with complete resonance can the electromagnetic energy be fully delivered to the tissues
44
Physiological Effects of Shortwave Diathermy - Continuous
Deep heating of soft tissues
45
Physiological Effects of Shortwave Diathermy - Pulsed
The delivery of radiation is interrupted for the purpose of inducing non-thermal physiological and therapeutic effects
46
Therapeutic Usage - Dosing Levels
- 1: Just below any sensation of heat - 2: Mild perception of heat - 3: Moderate (comfortable) perception of heat - 4: Vigorous heating (no pain or burning)
47
Therapeutic Usage - Nonthermal Effects (1)
-Typically from pulsed short-wave diathermy with a low enough duty cycle and intensity to minimize heat build-up
48
Therapeutic Usage - Nonthermal Effects (3)
- Increases local tissue oxygenation, nutrient transport and phagocytosis - Accelerate fibroblastic activity, collagen deposition, and tissue healing in animal studies - No proven to enhance rate of wound healing
49
How to Document Modality
- Type of modality - Location of treatment - Parameters - Response to treatment - Treatment goal

PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 (4 decks)

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