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PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 > Aquatic Therapy > Flashcards

Aquatic Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Aquatic Principles (3)

A
  • Buoyancy
  • Hydrostatic Pressure
  • Resistance
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2
Q

Buoyancy - def (3)

A
  • The upward thrust acting in the opposite direction to the force of gravity
  • The more deeply immersed you are in water, the less you weigh
  • Allow a reduction in joint compression forces by being weightless
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3
Q

Archimedes Principle

A

A body immersed in a liquid, either wholly or partially, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body

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4
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity

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5
Q

Benefits of Hydrostatic Principle

A
  • Reduce edema
  • Improves circulation
  • Evens tactile input
  • Improves muscles of inspiration; assists with expiration
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6
Q

Resistance - Viscosity/Drag forces

A
  • Creates progression
  • Stream line flow vs. turbulence
  • Exercises in water should be performed faster to get more resistance
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7
Q

Benefits of Resistance

A
  • Improved tone
  • Improved endurance
  • Improved muscle balance
  • Increased time to react
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8
Q

What populations benefit from “ideal” temperature

A
  • Prenatal
  • Obese
  • MS
  • Cardiac
  • OA
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Pain
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9
Q

Physiological Benefits of Aquatic Therapy (4)

A
  • Circulatory System
  • Pulmonary System
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Renal
  • Other
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10
Q

Circulatory System effects

A
  • Blood is displaced upward to the chest and into the heart
  • Central Blood Volume can improve by 60%
  • Cardiac volume increases
  • Heart rate is 15% lower than on land
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11
Q

Pulmonary System Effects

A
  • Vital Capacity decreases 10% when immersed to the neck

- The total work of breathing increases by 60%, expiratory reserve volumes decrease by 75% during neck immersion

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12
Q

Musculoskeletal System Effects

A
  • Extracellular fluid is mobilized
  • Reduces swelling more rapidly then bed rest; plus benefit of movement
  • Muscles have increased blood supply
  • Improved muscle relaxation
  • Decreased joint compression
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13
Q

Renal System Effects

A
  • Increased urine output
  • Increased sodium loss
  • Renal response increases with further immersion
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14
Q

Other Physiological Responses

A
  • Body temperature changes
  • Improved equilibrium due to righting reactions
  • Over exertion
  • Skin irritation
  • Over stimulation of vestibular system
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15
Q

Positive Outcomes from Aquatic Therapy (9)

A
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Weight-Bearing
  • Muscular Strength/Endurance
  • Cardiovascular/Pulmonary
  • Pain Management
  • Motor Skills
  • Psycho Social
  • ROM
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16
Q

Considerations for Treatment

A
  • Water and Air Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Water and Air Quality
  • Anxiety
  • Immersion Time
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17
Q

Ai Chi Technique

A
  • Similar to Tai Chi
  • Slow movements and deep breathing
  • Movements must flow
  • Decrease pain, increase balance
18
Q

Ai Chi cont.

A
  • Water depth at shoulder level
  • Work the ROM
  • Yoga type breathing
19
Q

BackHab

A

Walking program that uses variety of strides and stretches

20
Q

Bad Ragaz

A

Method of muscle relaxation

  • Resistance
  • Endurance
  • Elongation
  • Relaxation
  • ROM
21
Q

Bad Ragaz

A

Therapist uses physical properties of water to interact with patient

  • Passive
  • Isometric
  • Isotonic
  • Isokinetic
22
Q

Burdenko Method

A
  • Water and Land Based Therapy

- Starts in water working on balance and postural awareness

23
Q

Foundations of Burdenko Method (6)

A
  • Balance
  • Flexibility
  • Coordination
  • Endurance
  • Speed
  • Strength
24
Q

Feldenkrais

A
  • he was recommended for 6 months of bed rest as therapy
  • He experimented with small movements while lying in bed
  • Childlike movements
25
Q

Hallwick

A
  • Uses games for variety of educational and therapeutic reasons
  • Used mainly with Pediatrics and patients with disabilities
  • No buoyant aids are used
  • Purpose is water freedom
26
Q

Hallwick - 10 point program

A
  • Mental Adjustment
  • Disengagement
  • Vertical Rotation Control
  • Lateral Rotation Control
  • Combined Rotation Control
  • Mental Inversion
  • Balance in Stillness
  • Turbulent Gliding
  • Simple Progression
  • Basic Movement
27
Q

Watsu

A
  • Cradling one-on-one program
  • Free flowing nature promotes self-awareness of muscle tension
  • Promote relaxation
  • Decrease pain
28
Q

Yoga and Pilates

A
  • Activation of trunk
  • Proper timing of muscles important in recovery
  • Movements are performed throughout entire ROM
29
Q

Arthritis

A
  • Submerge the joint
  • Warmer water
  • Warm-up to full ROM
  • No gripping equipment
30
Q

Asthma

A
  • O2 is okay to tolerance
  • Slower warm-up
  • Warm humid air is good
  • Make sure deep in water
31
Q

Back Problems

A
  • Strengthen abdominals and gluteal muscles
  • Stretch hamstrings and hip flexors
  • Walking in water causes co-contraction in abs
32
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A
  • Watch for aspiration

- Stay in middle of pool

33
Q

CVA

A
  • Start slow
  • Work on balance and symmetrical walking
  • Strengthen anterior tib
  • Watch for over exertion
34
Q

Pediatrics

A
  • Safety skills
  • Watch for sensory and verbal deficits
  • Work on balance and coordination
  • Bilateral integration
35
Q

Diabetes

A
  • Second most common metabolic disorder
  • Increase circulation
  • Use shoes secondary to decreased sensation
  • Balance and ambulation
  • Check feet after treatment
36
Q

Fibromyalgia

A
  • Teach deep diaphragmatic breathing
  • Do not push too much
  • Focus on breathing and relaxing
37
Q

Total Hip Replacement

A
  • Make sure cleared by doctor to be in water
  • Symmetrical movements
  • Gait and step length
38
Q

Hypertension

A
  • Enter/exit water slowly
  • Relaxation with diaphragmatic breathing
  • No isometric contractions
39
Q

MS

A
  • Make sure to get pt. vertical to walk
  • Watch for overheating
  • Inactive program if water is too warm
  • Focus on balance from trunk
40
Q

Obesity

A
  • Pt. modesty is important
  • Move as much as possible
  • Ankle weights if patients floats
  • Breathing techniques
41
Q

Geriatrics

A
  • Encourage liquids
  • Warmer water
  • Encourage socialization
  • Decrease gripping equipment
  • Fall prevention
42
Q

Parkinson’s

A
  • Watch for early fatigue
  • Focus on gait and upright posture
  • Water dampens involuntary movement

PTRS 705 - PT Interventions 2 (4 decks)

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